Download Atlantic Ocean

Init 2/17/2010 by Daniel R. Barnes
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CONTINENTS AND OCEANS
?
Europe
?
Asia
Mediterranean
?
Sea
Africa
?
North
America
?
Pacific
?
Ocean
Indian
?
Ocean
Australia
?
?
Antarctica
Atlantic
?
Ocean
South
?
America
?
Atlantic
Ocean
FAMOUS LOCATIONS
Los Angeles
West
sa-eed!
New York City
FAMOUS LOCATIONS
Norway &
Sweden
Italy
Greenland
Siberia
Alaska
China Japan
Los Angeles
Himalayas
Egypt
India
Hawaii
Philippines
Iceland
New York City
Brazil
HISTORICAL ASIDE:
Countries that were at some point part of the
BRITISH EMPIRE
Sorry, Erlis. Turkey is grey on this map. It has never been a possession of the British.
It looks like the Brits owned the island of Cyprus at some point, though. That’s close to
Turkey.
HISTORICAL ASIDE:
Countries that, in 1683, were part of the
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Grand Vizier
Köprülü Fazıl
Ahmed Pasha
It looks like you
were just thinking
of the wrong
empire.
Topography is . . .
. . . the study of the shape of the earth’s surface
The sea floor has just as much
topographic diversity as dry land does . . .
Dry Land
Mountains
Valleys
Plains
Volcanoes
Faults
Plateaus
Ocean Floor
The deepest parts of the ocean are colored . . .
. . . dark blue on this map.
These deep, wide, dark, flat regions
of the seafloor are called . . .
abyssal plains
gulper
eel
Is this
one
fake?
gulper
eel
Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
divergent
plate boundary
seafloor
spreading
Basaltic eruptions
make new oceanic crust
pillow
basalt
Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
Oceanic ridge
Mid-ocean ridge
What
continental
are all
the red
shelf
zones?
shallow
water
often
good for
fishing
Grand
Banks
can easily
become
a land
bridge . . .
continental
shelf
shallow
water
. . . when
sea levels
drop . . .
. . . during
a
glaciation
phase of
an ice age
can easily
become
a land
bridge . . .
. . . when
sea levels
drop . . .
. . . during
a
glaciation
phase of
an ice age
This map has a different color code than the last one.
On this map, what color are the continental shelves?
On this map, what color is the mid-ocean ridge?
On this map, what is in dark blue?
On this map, what color are the highest mountains?
Volcanic eruptions can and do occur underwater . . .
a LOT, in fact
Lava comes out and quickly solidifies when it
touches the water.
Each layer of igneous rock adds size and mass to the
volcano.
These undersea mountains are called “seamounts”.
If the magma supply from underneath doesn’t die out
too soon . . .
The seamount will eventually get tall enough to
become an island.
Islands have a tendency to become surrounded by
coral reefs.
Coral is an animal, even though it sits in place like a
plant.
However, coral polyps, which are basically jellyfish
with their heads stuck to a rocky skeleton they
secrete, do typically have tiny golden-brown algae
living in them that photosynthesize.
Therefore, coral must grow in clear, shallow, sunlit
waters.
If the volcanic eruptions stop, the island stops
growing, but weathering and erosion don’t stop, so
the island shrinks.
The island itself may shrink, but the ring of coral remains,
since it’s alive, and can grow, if needed, to stay high enough
to reach light.
The ability to fight the forces of weathering and erosion are,
in fact, a sign of life.
Coral is a combination of rock and living tissue, so not only
is it subject to normal weathering and erosion; it is also
subject to being eaten . . .
The green humphead
parrotfish eats algae
that grows on coral, and
also eats the coral itself.
Because it eats coral, it
poops out calcium
carbonate sediment.
If eruptions have stopped, waves will wear the island
away until its surface lies beneath the waves, but the
coral keeps growing
Once the island is worn down beneath the waves, coral can
grow on top of it, turning the fringing reef from a doughnut
shape into a solid disc shape (cookie?). It is now an “atoll”.
The oceanic crust from which the island projects often
begins to sink once the magma supply dies out.
The coral keeps growing upward, creating more and more
calcium carbonate skeleton, to stay high enough for light.
At some point, though, the crustal plate may sink so
low that the coral can’t grow fast enough to stay in
the light, and the reef dies.
At this point, the submerged ex-island is no longer an atoll,
but a guyot.
Guyots are flat-topped seamounts that used to be islands.
e=mc2
North
Atlantic
Gyre
North Pacific
Gyre
Indian
Ocean
Gyre
South Pacific
Gyre
South
Atlantic
Gyre
North
Atlantic
Gyre
North Pacific
Gyre
Indian
Ocean
Gyre
South Pacific
Gyre
South
Atlantic
Gyre
Europe
Asia
Africa
North
America
Pacific
Ocean
Indian
Ocean
Australia
Antarctica
Atlantic
Ocean
South
America
Atlantic
Ocean