Download Unit 7 Test with answers

Unit 7 Evolution Test Review
1.
The above picture shows what type of evidence of evolution? homologous structures
2.
Read the information in the box above. The presence of these animals shows that although they are
found in different areas the Arctic Fox and the Gray Fox most likely arose from __a common ancestor___.
3. Embryology is the study of embryos. The similarity in the development of humans, turtles, chickens and
rabbits shows what? They may have developed from an ancient common ancestor
4. What does the term “evolutionary stasis” mean? Time of no evolutionary change
5. What does the term “survival of the fittest” mean? The organism most fit for the particular environment
will survive
6. What is “fit?” organism with the best traits that to help it survive in its environment
7. If the environment changes, do animals adapt to that change or those that have good traits survive while
those that don’t die off? Those that have good traits survive
8. If the organism is extremely well adapted to withstand changes in the environment, would it change? No
9. Does natural selection produce changes in populations, in individuals, or in an individual's genes?
populations
10. What is the gene pool? All the available genes in a population
11. What is geographic isolation? When organisms are separated from reproduction with each other
12. Geographic isolation can result in the formation of a new __species____.
13.
This graph shows two different bacteria populations. Which
population is better fit in this environment? P. aurelia
14. What is probably happening to P.caudatum? it isn’t fit to survive so it is dying out
15. Some organisms have genes that improve their ability to survive and reproduce. If the genes also help
their offspring survive and reproduce, then what will most likely happen to the frequency of these genes
in the population? They will increase in the population
16. Define genetic variation. The variety of genes in a population
17. Define gene flow. The movement of genes in or out of a population
18. A male lion leaves its pride, joins another pride, and reproduces. The lion is contributing to the gene pool
of the new pride. Does genetic variation increase or decrease in the new pride? increase
19. How does camouflage help increase an organism’s chance of survival? If organisms can blend in with their
environment to hide from predators they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
20. How does mimicry help increase an organism’s chance of survival? If an organism can mimic another
organism to keep predators away, it’s more likely to survive and reproduce.
21. When you are sick with a bacterial infection you take antibiotics. Antibiotics kill the least resistant
bacteria first. Explain how this is an example of natural selection. The least fit bacteria die off while the
most fit live on. Those most fit can reproduce and pass on their good genes to their offspring.
22. If you color your hair blue, this trait will NOT be passed on to your offspring. Why? Because only traits in
your DNA are passed on through your genes to your offspring.
23. What are gametes? Reproductive cells (sperm or egg)
24. Which type of reproduction, sexual or asexual, provides more genetic diversity? sexual
25. How can mutations create new species? If a mutation is an advantage to an organisms survival, it can
increase in the population and eventually after a long amount of time, could create a new species.
26. You treat you home with a pesticide that kills 92% of the roaches the first time, but four months later you
have to treat your home again and it only kills 65% of the roaches. Why does the pesticide seem to have
decreased in effectiveness? Those that were most fit survived and passed down their genes to their
offspring so now all the roaches are resistant.
27.
Explain what happens to populations that
change by stabilizing selection, directional
selection, and disruptive selection.
Stabilizing selection is when the
middle group has an advantage over the
extreme ends. The middle group increases
over time.
Directional selection is when one end
has an advantage over the middle and the
other end. The population will shift in that
direction.
Disruptive selection is when the
extreme ends have an advantage over the
middle group. The middle decreases and
the extreme ends increase. 2 new species
could form.
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33.
Using the cladogram above, explain who is more related to the beetles, the flies or ants? ants
What is a vestigial structure? Structures that are smaller in size, and reduced in function.
What do vestigial structures show? Could show common ancestry.
What is an analogous structure? Structures that have the same function but are different in structure.
What do analogous structures show? Could show common ancestry.
What are the 3 types of natural selection? Stabilizing selection, directional selection, disruptive selection