Download ECA OP11 Presentation March 31 2003

Transport and
Climate Change:
Priorities for
World Bank-GEF
Projects
Todd M. Johnson
World Bank
March 31, 2003
Transport Sector in Developing
Countries
• Transport is a major source of GHGs and is
projected to increase (UNFCCC)
• GEF Operational Program on Transport
(OP11) established to address this sector
Urban Transport & Climate Change
Strategy for World Bank/GEF
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World Bank Urban Transport Strategy
GEF OP11 Priorities
Overlap & Synergies
Recommended priorities for urban transport &
climate change for World Bank/GEF projects
GEF Operational Program #11:
Original Scope
• Modal shifts to more efficient and less
polluting forms of public and freight transport
 Traffic management and avoidance
 Increased use of cleaner fuels
• Non-motorized transport
• Low or no emission technologies
 Fuel cell or battery operated 2- and 3 wheelers
 Hydrogen powered fuel cell or battery operated
vehicles
 Internal combustion engine – electric hybrid buses
• Converting biomass feedstock to liquid fuels
Four Key Elements of World Bank UTS Review
Priorities of
the GEF
OP11
(i)
Structural
land-use
changes
(ii)
Improved
operational
efficiency of
transport
modes
(iii)
Better
focusing of
pro-poor
intervention
s
(iv)
PIF
Reforms
(i) Modal shifts
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(ii) NMT
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(iii) Fuel-cell or
battery-operated 2- or
3-wheel vehicles
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(iv) Hydrogenpowered fuel cells or
battery-operated
public or freight
vehicles
(v) ICE-electric hybrid
vehicles
(vi) Advanced
biofuels
Key:
Minimal. overlap
- ; Some overlap
- ; Maximum overlap
- .
World Bank Urban Transport Strategy Review
Four Key Elements
Priorities of
GEF/STAP
for Modal
Shifts to
Sustainable
Urban
Transport
Modes
(i)
Structural
land use
changes
(ii)
Improved
operational efficiency
of transport modes
(iii)
Better focusing
of pro-poor
interventions
(iv)
Policy,
institutional &
fiscal reforms
(i) Public Rapid
Transit
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(ii) Transport
Demand
Management
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(iii) NMT
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(iv) Land-Use
Planning
Key:
Minimal. overlap
- ; Some overlap
- ; Maximum overlap
- .
Climate Change Benefits of Public
Transportation
Impact of an Additional Bus (IEA – 2002)
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Standard bus: 65% reduction in fuel use/CO2
Euro II clean bus: 65-70% reduction in fuel use/CO2
Euro IV clean bus: 65-70% reduction in fuel use/CO2
Zero-emissions bus: 70% reduction in fuel use/CO2
Most of the GHG reduction benefit is achieved by
moving to buses – the technology employed plays a
minor role from a GHG perspective.
Preserve and Expand NMT
Options
• Motorized transport
development and safety
concerns often reduce
existing NMT usage
• Low capital investment
requirements make bike
and pedestrian
transport accessible to
low income groups
• NMT has a negative
image in many
countries
Environmental Impacts
1600
1400
Global damage
1200
UD $ million
• Transport (and other
small sources) account
for a disproportionately
higher share of local air
pollution impacts
compared to total
emissions
• Local damages usually
much greater than
global damages in
developing countries
1000
Local damage
800
600
400
200
0
Power plants
Large boilers
Vehicles
Small furnaces
WB/GEF Transport Projects
Marikina Bikeways, Manila
Mexico City Air Quality
Lima Urban Transport
Santiago Urban Transport
Marikina Bikeways Project, Manila
• Design and operate a system of bike
trails and designated lanes for NMT
• Use NMT to connect residential
communities with schools, employment
centers, the new metropolitan train
station, and other public transport
terminals
• Avoid the “crowding-out” of NMT modes
Transport Corridors in Mexico City
• Modelled after successful experiences
in other Latin American cities
• Development of busway corridors that
support metro-bus integration and
improve the environmental
performance, economic efficiency, and
image of public transport
Lima and Santiago Projects
• Direct or indirect support for segregated
busways
• Bikeway promotion
• Transport demand management
measures
• Transport and urban planning
Summary of Emerging WB
Priorities for OP11
Cost-effective public transport
Non-motorized transport
Transport and Land-use Planning
Transport Demand Management
Other: regulations and standards; technology
options.
Targeted research on transport and climate
change