Download Major Conflicts Chart - Fort Thomas Independent Schools

AP WORLD HISTORY
MAJOR CONFLICTS REVIEW
TIME PERIOD
PARTICIPANTS
CAUSES
CONSEQUENCES
Persian-Greek Wars
Classical Period
(500s-400s BCE)
Persia and Greek city-states
Control of
Mediterranean;
Power struggle
Persia will eventually be
weakened to Alexander the
Great
Period of Warring
States
Classical Period (end
of Zhou Dynasty)
Chinese Warlords vs. Zhou
Dynasty
Weakened Chinese
leadership
Rise of new philosophies
Rise of the Qin Dynasty
Peloponnesian Wars
Classical Period
(431-404 BCE)
Athens and Sparta
Control of Greek
Peninsula
Devastation of both Athens and
Sparta; leads to decline of
strong Greek city-states; gives
rise to Alexander the Great
Punic Wars
Classical Period
(264-246 BCE)
Roman Republic and
Carthage (North Africa)
Control of the
Mediterranean Sea
Carthage loses; Carthaginian
peoples enslaved by RR; Rise of
Roman Republic as military
power; expansion of Rome
Battle of Tours
Post-Classical Period
(732 CE)
Charles Martel (Carolingian)
vs. invading Arab Muslim
forces
Expansion of Islam
Advances of Muslims into
Europe stopped outside of
Paris; prevents the rise of Islam
in Western and Central Europe
The Crusades
Post-Classical Period
(1095-1272 CE)
Western European forces,
knights and kings vs. Turkish
and Arab forces in Middle
East; Byzantine Empire
Control of Jerusalem
Aid Byzantine
Empire in protection
against Arab forces
1st Crusade – Christians gain
Jerusalem, but will lose it later
Increase of trade between ME
and WE; Revival of trade in WE
Thirty Years’ War
Early Modern Period
(1618-1648)
German princes; Sweden;
England; France; Spain; Italy;
Austria-Hungary
(Catholics vs. Protestants)
Protestant
Reformation; Ability
to choose religious
orientation;
influence of the
Catholic Church
Treaty of Westphalia (1648) –
gives regional Germanic princes
ability to choose religion of
their region (Catholic or
Protestant); last of the major
wars of religion in Europe
AP WORLD HISTORY
Various 19th Century
Revolutions
MAJOR CONFLICTS REVIEW
Long 19th Century
American (17751783)
French (1789-1799)
Haitian (1791-1804)
Latin American (19th
Century)
Long 19th Century
(1799-1815)
American colonies, Great
Britain, Spain, Portugal, Latin
America and the Caribbean
Desire for
Independence;
Enlightenment
Ideals; High
Taxation; Treatment
of Colonies
Independence in all regions
US more successful in outcome
than Latin America
First successful slave revolt
(Haiti)
Rise of Napoleon (France)
France, Spain, Europe, Russia
Desire to create
French empire
among the continent
of Europe
Opium Wars
Long 19th Century
(1839-1850s)
China, England
Sale of Opium;
Economic control of
Chinese port cities
Napoleon faces great defeats in
Russia, and later at the hands of
an alliance of European powers
(Led by GB); Fall of Napoleon
Congress of Vienna (1815) –
balance of power
Treaty of Nanking (1842) –
Hong Kong a colony of England;
England gains control of some
port cities
Extraterritoriality
Increasing resentment of
outsiders in China
Taiping Rebellion
Long 19th Century
(1850-1864)
Various Chinese groups
Desire of Hong
Xiuquan to create a
utopian society; fear
of outsiders
High death toll; required
assistance from British to help
end rebellion
Crimean War
Long 19th Century
(1853-1856)
England, France, Ottoman
Empire, Russia
Russia attacks
Ottoman Empire to
gain control of ports
on Black Sea;
England and France
want to weaken
Russia
Russia loses war; demonstrates
Russian weaknesses; leads to
mid-19th century reforms
including industrialization and
eventually emancipation of the
serfs (1861)
Napoleonic Wars
AP WORLD HISTORY
MAJOR CONFLICTS REVIEW
Sepoy Rebellion
Long 19th Century
(1857)
British, Indian forces
Rejection of British
military and
political presence in
India; animal fat on
artillery shells
Rejection of Manchu
leadership and
presence of foreign
powers; Goal:
“Regain China for
the Chinese”
Conflict over Cuban
independence
Indian forces lose; Britain gains
full control of India
Boxer Rebellion
Long 19th Century
(1900)
Boxers vs. Qing Dynasty
Spanish-American
War
Long 19th Century
(1898)
Spain, United States
Boer War
Long 19th Century
((1899-1902)
Dutch settlers (Boers),
English forces, African tribes
Control of South
Africa
Boers gain dominance over
native South Africans BUT
Union of South Africa created
and controlled by Great Britain
Sino-Japanese War
Contemporary
World (1895)
China, Japan, Korea
Control over Korea
Japan annexes Korea in 1910
Russo-Japanese War
Contemporary
World (1904-1905)
Russia, Japan
Control of parts of
Eastern Asia
Japan defeats Russia; rise of
Japanese aggression and
imperialism; brief reforms in
Russia that are relative failures;
Russian Revolution of 1905;
increasing dissent in Russia
Unsuccessful; required
assistance from outside groups
(WE, Russia, US); further
weakened Qing Dynasty
US Defeats Spain; US gains
control of Philippines, Puerto
Rico, and Guam
AP WORLD HISTORY
MAJOR CONFLICTS REVIEW
Chinese Revolution
of 1911-1912
Contemporary
World (1911-1912)
Nationalists, Qing Dynasty,
Chinese Warlords
Rising inefficiency of
Qing Dynasty; fear
of outside
leadership
World War I
Contemporary
World (1914-1918)
Western Europe, Eastern
Europe, Russia, North and
East Africa, Middle East,
India, East Asia, United States
Militarism,
Alliances,
Nationalism,
Imperialism,
Assassination
Russian Revolution
Contemporary
World (1917)
Imperial Family (Romanovs)
vs. Communists (Red Army –
Lenin) vs. Nationalists (White
Army – Alexander Kerensky)
Poor leadership
Increasing poverty
Rise of Communism
Economic
inequalities
World War I
Mexican Revolution
Contemporary
World (1911-1920)
Various groups in Mexico;
creole elites, lower classes,
middle-class, military, Pancho
Villa; Zapata
World War II
Contemporary
World (1939-1945)
Europe, Russia, North Africa,
Middle East, Japan, Pacific
Islands, Australia, India,
United States
Opposition to
autocracy under
Porfirio Diaz;
economic
inequalities
MAIN; Treaty of
Versailles; Japanese
Aggression; New
ideologies;
Appeasement
End of last Chinese Dynasty;
creation of a 30+ year civil war
between warlords, Nationalists,
and Communists; eventual
creation of the People’s
Republic of China (1949)
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Rise of totalitarian dictators
Russian Revolution of 1917
Decolonization
Dismantling of German, AustroHungarian, and Ottoman
Empires
Creation of Modern Turkey
Middle East as Mandate States
World War II
End of royal family in Russia
Rise of Communism
Establishment of Soviet Union
Mexican Constitution of 1917
Creation and long-term
dominance of Institutional
Revolutionary Party (PRI)
High Death Toll
Holocaust
Creation of East and West
Germany
Cold War
Creation of United Nations
Development of Nuclear
Weapons
AP WORLD HISTORY
MAJOR CONFLICTS REVIEW
Korean War
Contemporary
World (1950-1953)
North Korea, South Korea,
China, Soviet Union, United
States, United Nations forces
Vietnam War
Contemporary
World (1945-1975)
Vietnam (North –
Communist; South –
Democratic); France; United
States; Soviet Union; Laos;
Cambodia
Cuban Revolution
Contemporary
World (1959)
Military dictator in Cuba
Fidel Castro
Che Guevara
United States
Iranian Revolution
Contemporary
World (1979)
Government of Shah Reza
Pahlavi; Islamic
Fundamentalists (led by
Ayatollah Khomeini)
Decolonization;
removal of Japanese
influence; Cold War
Politics;
Communism;
Containment (US)
Decolonization
Independence from
France
Cold War Politics
(Containment;
Domino Theory)
Resistance to strong,
dictatorial rule
Communism (to
some extent)
Rejection of
authoritarian
leadership; rise of
Islamic
fundamentalist
groups
Very high death toll
No formal end to war
Creation of North (Communist)
and South (Democratic) Korea
High Death Toll
Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia all
communist countries
Rise of Fidel Castro
Cuba as communist country
Integration into Cold War
Politics
Cuban Missile Crisis; Bay of Pigs
US Embargo on Cuba
Creation of Islamic Republic in
Iran; rejection of Western
cultures; institution of Shari’a
law