Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Chapter 7 / Section 2 “The Zhou Dynasty & New Ideas” Pg. 188 - 193 Vocabulary lords (189) peasants (189) Confucius (191) ethics (191) Confucianism (191) Daoism (192) Laozi (192) legalism (192) The Zhou Dynasty The Zhou Political System (189) The Decline of Power -1100s BC -claimed to possess the mandate of heaven -heaven gave power to the king or leader -the mandate of heaven justified their rebellion against the Shang -established a new political order -granted land to others in return for loyalty, military support, & other services -Society order: King, Lords & Warriors, Peasants *King – highest level * Lords – high rank, paid taxes, provided soldiers *Peasants – farmers…received land & had to farm additional land for the noble -brought order to China -Lords helped the Zhou control distant areas & help ensure loyalty to the king -Lords passed their power to their sons…who were less loyal -Local rulers rejected the authority of the sons -Lord’s loyalty to the Zhou king lessened -771 BC = invaders -“Boy who cried wolf” (see page 190) -lords began to fight each other (190) Internal Problems (190) -481 BC…many civil wars…the Warring States -decline of Zhou = changes in Chinese family structure -families broke apart & became rivals -bonds of loyalty weakened -sons plotted against each other, killed their fathers, etc. -Chinese society in disorder Confucius and Society -Confucius felt China was overrun with rude & dishonest people -felt people needed to return to ethics = Confucianism -Basic guidelines (see pg. 191) Family Order Government -Confucius = respected teacher -teachings in a book The Analects -focus on morality, family, society, & government -a unique teaching that is both philosophical & religious -dominant beliefs in China Daoism and Legalism Daoism (192) -“the way” -wanted government to stay out of people’s lives -avoid interfering with nature or each other -let things flow in a natural way -life was a balance of opposites (male/female, light/dark, etc.) -pay more attention to the natural world -Laozi = famous Daoist teacher…taught that people should not try to gain wealth, or seek power Legalism (192) -political philosophy -felt that society needed strict laws to keep people in line and that punishments should fit crimes -a guilty person’s neighbors & relatives should also be punished = responsible for each other -appointed officials -be prepared for war -first to put ideas to practice in China