Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Chapter 9: America in World War I Wilson and Latin America • Mexico was going through revolution • “Pancho” Villa killed some Americans in an attempt to provoke Americans • Troops in Mexico, Nicaragua, Haiti, & the Dominican RepublicDollar Diplomacy • This use of force only led to hatred of Americans then and now page960.jpg The Great War Begins • The Assassination of Austrian archduke triggered World War I • Innovations that changed warfare in WWI – machine guns, land mines, long-range artillery, & high-velocity rifles • Trench warfare gave WWI its lasting character The United States & Neutrality • Most high American Officials were proBritish • After Lusitania Wilson sent notes to Germany to stop such actions and pay reparations • Election of 1916 Wilson’s promise to keep the U.S. out of the war. • The Revenue Act of 1916 • Zimmermann Telegram The U.S. Goes to War • The Congressional resolution for war passed overwhelmingly • Liberty Loan Act • The Food Administration – taught Americans to plant victory gardens & use leftovers wisely War Industries Board was the most Important agency Bernard Baruch U.S. War Propaganda • Wilson put George Creel a Denver newspaperman in charge of this Committee on Public Information • They made films, i.e. The Beast of Berlin • “Four-Minute” men speeches to buy liberty bonds, conserve food, fuel, etc. Espionage & Sedition Acts of 1917-1918 • Under these acts criticism of the government leaders or war policies became a crime • Socialist leader Eugene Debs went to jail for ten years • Schenck v. United States Eugene Debs America at War • The U.S. Military would grow to 3.7 million • 2 million American troops would cross the Atlantic & 1.4 would see combat • The U.S. military effort in France helped turn back several German offensives The Communist Revolution in Russia • Russia had suffered 6.6 million casualties • The Czarist government had little control in 1917 • The White Russians tried to gain power but the Bolsheviks signed a treaty with Germany • Bolsheviks were lead by Vladimir Lenin and eventually won Vladimir Lenin Midterm Elections back in the U.S. • President Wilson begins to get in trouble • Working to end the war Wilson lost touch of the political events • Wilson pushed the public to election a Democratic Congress • But instead Democrats lost control of both houses of Congress Wilson’s Fourteen Points • 1-5 called for open diplomacy • 6-12 dealt with selfdetermination for various nationalities • 13 called for Poland to have access to the sea • 14 called for the League of Nations Europe Before World War I Europe After World War I Treaty of Versailles and Reparations • The Germans objected to the Treaty of Versailles because they had to pay reparations for the entire war • But in the end they signed the treaty b/c if they didn’t the French threatened to invade Germany The League of Nations and the Treaty of Versailles in the U.S. • Sen. Lodge was the leader against the treaty • Wilson went on a nation wide tour to get support for the treaty • Wilson suffered a stoke that paralyzed his left side • Treaty not ratified until 1921 by Harding Henry Cabot Lodge The Spanish Flu 1918-1919 • Servicemen brought home the disease • It killed 675,000 in the U.S. & 22 million worldwide • No plague, war, famine in world history killed so many people in such short time • Doctors never understood why it began or why it ended. The Red Scare in America 1919-1920 • People in the U.S. saw labor strikes as the work of Communists • There were also letter bombs in 1919 that Americans saw as work of the “Reds” • But people began to see the bombs as they were actions of ‘lunatic fringe” The End of Progressivism • Roosevelt and Taft gone and with Wilson paralyzed • The Republican party came back very conservatively after the Bull Moose Party split • The 1920s were going to be a conservative and isolationist era for America