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Rock Cycle Rock Cycle Earth is subject to change. So are the rocks that form the earth’s surface. This change is what geologists call the rock cycle and it occurs over long periods of time. Important Information: • All rocks have passed through the cycle many times in history. • Not all rocks pass through each stage of the complete cycle. The Rock Cycle – Three Types of Rocks How the cycle works: • Igneous, Sedimentary & Metamorphic rocks undergo weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction & cementation to form sedimentary rock. • Igneous & sedimentary rocks are transformed by heat, pressure and chemical reactions to form metamorphic rock. • Metamorphic rocks can be re-melted and become igneous which may weather to form sedimentary rock. The Rock Cycle Thinking about relationships among the major rock groups Major Rock Groups • Igneous –Formed from a melt (molten rock) – Plutonic (intrusive):slow cooling and crystallization – Volcanic (extrusion): quick cooling at the surface 8 Major Rock Groups • Sedimentary –Formed at the Earth’s surface –Clastic (Mineral Fragments or grains, clays) –Chemical (crystalline chemical/biochemical precipitates) • Metamorphic –Changed by pressure, temperature and fluids. 9 Rock Cycle Diagram You need to draw the rock cycle diagram from the next several slides. You do not need to draw the pictures. Fig. 2.9 MAGMA IGNEOUS Crystallization MAGMA 12 IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization MAGMA 13 Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization MAGMA 14 Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA 15 Weathering SEDIMENT SEDIMENT Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA 16 Weathering SEDIMENT Erosion Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA 17 Weathering SEDIMENT Erosion Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA 18 Weathering SEDIMENT Erosion Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY Plutonic METAMORPHIC Increased Pressure & Temperature Crystallization Burial Uplift MAGMA 19 Weathering Erosion SEDIMENT Transport Deposition Volcanic Can you see IGNEOUS any shortcuts? SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T Plutonic METAMORPHIC Crystallization Uplift MAGMA Melting Burial 20 Weathering SEDIMENT Erosion Transport Deposition Volcanic SEDIMENTARY IGNEOUS Increased P&T Plutonic METAMORPHIC Crystallization Uplift MAGMA Melting Burial 21 In Conclusion… • The rock cycle demonstrates the relationships among the three major rock groups • It is powered by the interior heat of the Earth • As well as earth’s momentum and… • The energy from the sun • It involves processes on the Earth’s surface as well as the Earth’s interior • It connects the “hydrologic cycle” with the “tectonic cycle”. Rock Cycle Song
