Download Studying the transition from Octavian to Augustus

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Studying the transition from Octavian to Augustus
Outcomes: 4.4 Identifies major periods of historical time and sequences people and events within specific periods of time
Working towards Consolidating
Achieved
Briefly describe the significance of Augustus’ career for Roman history.
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Create a timeline from the following passage:
In 59, Caesar and Pompey entered into an alliance that would see the success of both oftheir political
agendas. In 54, their alliance crumbled. Pompey and the Senate ordered Caesar to give up his
command in Gaul and return to Rome. In 49, Caesar marched back to Rome and crossed the Rubicon
River, declaring war on Rome.
During the war, Pompey fled to Egypt where he was killed by King Ptolemy. In 45 BC, Caesar passed
laws without consulting the Senate. Caesar’s actions enraged the Senate and a conspiracy formed
against him. Caesar was stabbed to death in 44 BC.
Upon Caesar’s death, Octavian was identified as Caesar’s adopted son and heir. Octavian and Marc
Antony, Caesar’s political partner and friend, struggled for supremacy. At the Battle of Mutina in 43 BC,
the Senate and Octavian fought and defeated Marc Antony. Antony and Octavian formed an alliance and
planned to take vengeance on the assassins of Julius Caesar. The conspirators were caught and
executed in 42 BC.
Octavian and Antony divided the Roman empire between them through a number of treaties signed in 39
and 37. Hostility between Octavian and Marc Antony grew through the coming years and in 31, Octavian
declared war against Marc Antony. The war was quickly decided when Octavian defeated Marc Antony
and Cleopatra at the battle of Actium in 31.
From 31 to 27, Octavian was consul of Rome. He offered to return his power to the Senate, but the
Senators would not allow him. In 27, Octavian renounced all his powers. In response, between 27 and
24, the Senate made Octavian the most powerful man in Rome, bestowing upon him the title of
Augustus.
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