Download Report of the ICES GOOS Steering Group (IGSG)

ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
ICES O CEANOGRAPHIC C OMMITTEE
ICES CM 2009/OCC:06
R EF . SCICOM
Report of the
ICES GOOS Steering Group (IGSG)
25-26 March 2009
Woods Hole, USA
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer
H. C. Andersens Boulevard 44–46
DK-1553 Copenhagen V
Denmark
Telephone (+45) 33 38 67 00
Telefax (+45) 33 93 42 15
www.ices.dk
[email protected]
Recommended format for purposes of citation:
ICES. 2009. Report of the ICES GOOS Steering Group (IGSG), 25-26 March 2009,
Woods Hole, USA. ICES CM 2009/OCC:06. 33 pp.
For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the General Secretary.
The document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International
Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does not necessarily represent the views of
the Council.
© 2009 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| i
Conte nts
Executive summary ................................................................................................................ 1
1
Opening of the meeting................................................................................................ 2
2
Adoption of the agenda ................................................................................................ 2
3
ToR (a) Identify and improve the global and regional linkages
between ICES and GOOS bodies: .............................................................................. 2
4
5
6
7
3.1
Review the outcome of 2008 Meeting of GRAs (Guayaquil,
Ecuador, November 2008) ................................................................................... 2
3.2
Prepare the participation of ICES in 2009 Meeting of
Intergovernmental-GOOS (Paris, France June, 2009) ...................................... 3
3.3
Promote the cooperation of ICES in IOOS (US/CANADA) ............................ 3
3.4
Enhance cooperation of ICES in EuroGOOS ..................................................... 4
ToR (b) Identify and steer the development of components and
activities of ICES contributing to GOOS, as well as GOOS products
relevant to ICES. ............................................................................................................ 6
4.1
General Overview ................................................................................................. 6
4.2
Regional Activities ................................................................................................ 7
4.3
BASIN (Basin-scale analysis, synthesis, and integration) ............................... 7
ToR (c) identify and steer the development of regional ICES, PICES
and GOOS pilot projects to demonstrate the benefits of taking a
GOOS approach in the ICES context: ........................................................................ 8
5.1
Review recent developments in IBIROOS ......................................................... 8
5.2
Review recent developments in US and Canadian GOOS .............................. 9
5.3
Review recent developments in FerryBox consortium. ................................. 10
ToR (d) Identify and steer the development of appropriate outreach
activities to disseminate information about ICES and GOOS and to
articulate the benefits of taking a GOOS approach in the ICES context: ......... 11
6.1
Promote a special session and plenary lecture on GOOS at the
ICES ASC in 2010 (France)................................................................................. 11
6.2
Link information on this group and ICES at the GOOS web site ................ 13
6.3
Recommend a joint session in cooperation with WGOH and
EGU/AGU. ........................................................................................................... 13
Other Business ............................................................................................................. 13
7.1
Future of IGSG .................................................................................................... 13
7.2
Next Meeting ....................................................................................................... 14
7.3
Action Items ........................................................................................................ 14
Annex 1: List of participants............................................................................................... 15
Annex 2: Agenda................................................................................................................... 17
ii |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
Annex 3: IGSG terms of reference for the next meeting ............................................... 19
Annex 4: Recommendations ............................................................................................... 21
Annex 5: Spanish ICES-GOOS related activities ........................................................... 22
Annex 6: Coastal Observing System of Northern and Arctic Seas
(COSYNA) ..................................................................................................................... 25
Annex 7: Summary of French activities in operational oceanography and
relevance to ICES ......................................................................................................... 29
Annex 8: Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP) .................................................. 30
Annex 9: Integrated Ocean Observing Systems on the Northeast
Continental Shelf of United States........................................................................... 32
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 1
Executive summary
The ICES GOOS Steering Group [IGSG] (J. Hare, Chair) met in Woods Hole, Massachusetts 25-26 March 2009. Five IGSG members participated from five countries; in
addition two members participated by correspondence. An observer from PICES also
participated. The purpose of the IGSG is to promote coordination and cooperation
between ICES and GOOS Regional Alliances, to identify areas of potential duplication, and to work to limit waste that results from the lack of communication between
national, regional, and international observing efforts in the North Atlantic. These
objectives addressed through general discussion of the role of ICES, overview presentations of ocean observing activities in the North Atlantic, and discussion of the future of IGSG. The report is structured by Terms of Reference followed by a section of
Other Business. In addition to the standard Annexes (participants, agenda, ToRs and
recommendations), descriptions of regional activities are also included.
A number of national, regional, and international observing efforts were discussed. It
is clear that even in the North Atlantic there are many more ocean observing activities than were identified by the IGSG. ICES can serve a vital role in guiding ocean
observing in the North Atlantic, because of its long history in using observations to
develop products for informing marine management decisions. ICES needs to convey
this experience more effectively to a global audience. To this end, the IGSG will propose a theme session for the ASC 2010 to examine the chain of science from observations, to products, to advice. It is hoped that this theme session will be accepted and
that there will be wide participation across the ICES and GOOS communities in the
North Atlantic.
It is unrealistic to believe that one institution will be able to guide ocean observing in
the North Atlantic, but the IGSG hopes to foster better communication among a diversity of organizations including ICES and GOOS involved in ocean observing.
2 |
1
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
Opening of the meeting
The meeting was held in held in Woods Hole, Massachusetts at the Marine Biological
Laboratory and was hosted by J. Hare (USA) and J. Manning (USA). Only seven people attended the meeting, including the hosts and a representative of PICES (see Annex 1). J. Hare opened the meeting with a welcome to Woods Hole and a review of
the agenda. A general discussion of the goals of the meeting followed and the group
discussed the relationship between ICES and GOOS. Then regional presentations of
ocean observing activities were given followed by a specific focus on the ToRs.
2
Adoption of the agenda
The proposed agenda was approved (Annex 2) and J. Manning (USA) and C. Johnson
(Canada) acted as rapporteurs.
3
ToR (a) Identify and improve the global and regional linkages
between ICES and GOOS bodies:
3.1
Review the outcome of 2008 Meeting of GRAs (Guayaquil, Ecuador,
November 2008)
The fourth forum among GOOS Regional Alliances (GRAs) was held in Guayaquil,
Ecuador, November 2008 1. Representatives of I-GOOS, PICO, IOC, GOOS Office,
WMO, and 12 GRAs were present. H. Dahlin (Sweden) attended the meeting and
briefed the IGSG on the results. The purpose of the meeting was to share experiences,
to promote data and information exchange, and to assist in GOOS development by
starting observing systems regionally and then connecting among regional systems.
Several ICES relevant topics were addressed at the meeting. i) The progress of GRA’s
was updated and the status was provided of GOOS-related activities in non-GRA
regions. These activities included US IOOS, EuroGOOS, MedGOOS, and Arctic
GOOS. ii) A GOOS Regional Council was formed with MedGOOS and EuroGOOS
taking joint responsibility to coordinate the process. iii) Efforts were undertaken to
facilitate awareness and communication between GRA and LME programmes, particularly LME programmes with significant ocean observing activities. One aspect of
this increased communication is to transfer lessons learned from GOOS Africa and
Benguela LME collaborations to other regional GOOS activities. iv) A GOOS Coastal
Network will be developed in partnership with the Panel for Integrated Coastal Observation (PICO 2). This topic will be discussed again at the upcoming 9th Session of
the IOC-WMO-UNEP Intergovernmental Committee for GOOS 3.
More detailed information on the meeting can be found at: http://www.ioc-goos.org/index.php?option=
com_oe&task=viewEventRecord&eventID=185
1
2
http://www.ioc-goos.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocumentRecord&docID=2320
3
http://www.ioc-goos.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewEventAgenda&eventID=326
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
3.2
| 3
Prepare the participation of ICES in 2009 Meeting of IntergovernmentalGOOS (Paris, France June, 2009)
Members of the IGSG feel that ICES should present this report at the I-GOOS meeting. H. Dahlin (Sweden) will attend and can represent ICES if needed. The following
summary points should be communicated.
Both ICES and GOOS depend on national activities to make ocean observations. Further, both groups have an interest in using ocean observations to improve the
management of marine resources and to promote ecosystem-based approaches to
management. Thus, both groups have an interest in promoting ocean observing
activities in the North Atlantic. That said, both groups should also be extremely
cognizant of not duplicating efforts, particularly in this time of financial constraints
and rampant growth of meetings and groups examining various issues related to
ocean observing. In the end, all of these activities are supported by individual
countries, and organizations should work to collaborate and cooperate and not
duplicate and reinvent.
ICES has a long history using ocean observations to inform marine management. Further, ICES has vast experience across the North Atlantic. ICES does not focus only on
marine ecosystems, but addresses ecosystems used by marine resources including
watersheds, estuaries, and oceans. Such an inclusive approach is necessary to successfully implement ecosystem-based approaches to management.
ICES is interested in incorporating relevant GOOS observations in ICES activities and
in providing ICES observations to GOOS and GOOS-Regional Alliances. To this end,
a theme session will be proposed for the ICES Annual Science Conference in 2010 (see
Section 5.1). This theme session will focus on using ocean observations in products
provided to managers. The strength of ICES holding this theme session is the attendance of oceanographers, managers, and fisheries scientists. The GOOS community
will be invited and the goal is to increase communication between the ocean observing, operational oceanography, and scientific products communities. In addition,
ICES will co-sponsor a similar theme session with PICES to promote similar communication in the North Pacific.
Only through continued dialog will the disparate national and international activities
be brought together to provide advice on pressing global issues.
3.3
Promote the cooperation of ICES in IOOS (US/CANADA)
The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is the U.S. component of GOOS and
J. Hare (USA) provided an update. IOOS is coordinated by NOAA and represents a
national partnership in which 17 Federal agencies and 11 Regional Associations
(RAs) share responsibility for the design, operation, and improvement of the national, coastal network of observations. The Federal agencies also provide the U.S.
contribution to the Global GOOS effort. The IOOS coastal component includes a national network of observations, data management, and modelling capacities for U.S.
ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes environments, including an extensive Federal observing capacity and 11 RAs that augment the Federal systems (Figure 1). Together, this
nation-wide network addresses a combination of national, regional, and local priorities 4.
4
http://ioos.noaa.gov/
4 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
There are two RAs bordering the
North Atlantic: the Northeastern
Regional Association for Coastal
Ocean
Observing
Systems
(http://www.neracoos.org/) and the
Mid-Atlantic Coastal Ocean Observing
Regional
Association
(http://www.macoora.org/). J. Hare
(USA) and J. Manning (USA) have
been involved in discussions with
both RA’s about the use of ocean
observations in fisheries and ecosystem-based management. These RA’s
are also pursuing other issues including harmful algal blooms,
Figure 1. Map showing geographic regions of the 11
IOOS Regional Associations in the United States
coastal inundation, marine safety,
(from http://ioos.noaa.gov/partners/regional.html)
and ocean energy. Thus, there are
many potential areas of cooperation
with ICES and scientists active in ICES are also active in the RAs.
It is important to realize that although these are U.S. funded activities, Canadian investigators and institutions are involved in NERACOOS. Other of the IOOS RA’s include non-U.S. partners, so the U.S. IOOS effort could serve as one catalyst for a
broader North American or Northwest Atlantic ocean observing consortium of some
kind (see Section 4.2).
3.4
Enhance cooperation of ICES in EuroGOOS
An overview of EuroGOOS was provided by H. Dahlin (Sweden). EuroGOOS is an
Association of 36 national agencies from 18 countries dedicated to the development
of operational oceanography in Europe (Figure 2), and to the development of global
operational oceanography, within the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) 5. The
primary purpose of EuroGOOS is to promote and support the continuing development of operational oceanography in Europe, however structured, providing regional
benefits for Europe, and helping to implement and to contribute to GOOS objectives.
EuroGOOS plans to facilitate international co-operation in Europe for the establishment of systems to observe the marine environment, and for the rapid exchange of
operational oceanographic data, model outputs, and products. EuroGOOS promotes
standardisation of operational marine observations, the uniform publication of observations and statistics, the development of operational modelling and forecasting
capabilities, the practical application of oceanography to a range of marine activities,
and it will encourage research and training.
5
http://www.eurogoos.org/index.php
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
O EuroGOOS Members
| 5
O Additional Regional Partners
Figure 2. Map or EuroGOOS network including 36 national agencies and 18 countries.
ICES coordinates and promotes marine research on oceanography, the marine environment, the marine ecosystem, and on living marine resources in the North Atlantic 6. As part of this overall goal, ICES supports science, provides advice, and
distributes data and information. As part of its science efforts, ICES plans and coordinates marine research across the North Atlantic. As for advice, ICES is the prime
source of scientific advice on the marine ecosystem to governments and international
regulatory bodies that manage the North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. ICES
maintains some of the world’s largest databases on marine fisheries, oceanography,
and the marine environment, and its Data Centre is part of a global network of distributed data centres, which follows IOC data exchange policies 7. Finally, ICES distributes its scientific information and advice products in reports, publications,
electronic media, and on the ICES website.
From these brief descriptions of EuroGOOS and ICES, it is clear that these organizations have many similarities and both organizations would be benefit from cooperation, collaboration, and synergy. Ultimately, both organizations are supported by
member countries, so there should be an emphasis on working together. The question
is how best to achieve these interactions.
One successful approach is to participate in joint projects like the North Sea Pilot Project (NORSEPP) 8. NORSEPP focuses on oceanography and fish stocks, and the aim is
to promote the use of operational oceanography for biological applications such as
fish stock assessments. This joint project has ended but another joint project could be
proposed that builds on the strengths of NORSEPP and learns from the NORSEPP
experience.
6
http://www.ices.dk/aboutus/aboutus.asp
7
http://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51&Itemid=95
8
http://www.ices.dk/marineworld/norsepp.asp
6 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
Finally, more communication between the EuroGOOS and ICES communities is
needed. There are many scientists involved in both, but there are also many scientists
involved in only one. An institutional effort to increase communication would only
strengthen the relationships and interactions between EuroGOOS and ICES. To this
end the IGSG will propose a Theme Session for the 2010 ASC.
4
ToR (b) Identify and steer the development of components and
activities of ICES contributing to GOOS, as well as GOOS products
relevant to ICES.
4.1
General Overview
There are a myriad of ocean observing activities occurring across the globe. These
activities create the opportunity for cooperation, collaboration, and synergy. These
activities also create the opportunity for duplication, dilution of resources, and waste.
The IGSG sees this as one of the major challenges facing the member nations of ICES.
How are efforts that in the end come from taxpayers of individual countries coordinated to maximize the value of invested funds? Nations are members of GEO, GOOS,
and ICES. The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) is leading a worldwide effort to
build a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), which is an intergovernmental effort outside of the U.N. system. GOOS and PICO are recognized as main
contributors / coordinators of marine component of GEOSS, but not all areas of the
ocean are part of the GOOS effort, and a variety of ocean-related groups are interacting with GEOSS independent from GOOS. ICES is an intergovernmental organization
that coordinates marine research and provides advice on marine ecosystems. Numerous other activities also are underway with their own specific goals and objectives.
This confusion of activities leads to duplication, dilution of effort and reduced effect.
Following much discussion, the IGSG feels that ocean issues have a relatively low
profile on the global agenda. Two examples were presented at the IGSG meeting.
First, concern was expressed that the GEO 9 effort does not focus enough on ocean
issues. GEO is structured around nine “Societal Benefit Areas” (Figure 3). The ocean
is implicitly included in all of
the nine focal areas, but there is
no explicit focus. As a result,
ocean issues are likely to receive
less emphasis than terrestrial
and atmospheric issues. Second,
in a recent article Richardson
and Poloczanska (2008) noted
28,586 significant biological
changes in terrestrial systems,
but only 85 from marine and
freshwater systems 10. Clearly,
Figure 3 Schematic of nine Societal Benefit Areas of the
more emphasis is needed to
Group on Earth Observations – Global Earth Observing
identify, document, and forecast
System of Systems.
changes in biological systems in
9
http://www.earthobservations.org/about_geo.shtml
Richardson, A.J. and E.S. Poloczanska. 2008. Under-resourced, under threat. Science
320: 1294-1295.
10
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 7
the ocean.
These discussions renewed belief in the need for the IGSG. The IGSG strives to promote coordination and cooperation, to identify areas of potential duplication, and to
work to limit waste that results from the lack of communication between national,
regional, and international efforts in the North Atlantic.
4.2
Regional Activities
Following these broad discussions, numerous regional activities were reviewed. Full
reports are provided in Annexes.
Annex 5
Spanish Activities (presented by G. Parrilla Barrera, Spain)
Annex 6
Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA)
(presented by W. Petersen, Germany and F. Colijn, Germany)
Annex 7
French Activities (presented by P. Y. Le Traon, France)
Annex 8
Canadian Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (presented by C. Johnson, Canada)
Annex 9
Integrated Ocean Observing Systems on the Northeast Continental
Shelf of United States (presented by J. Manning, USA)
A lot of excellent science was presented and there are numerous exciting projects underway. However, it is clear that coordination within countries is difficult and coordination at the international level is even more difficult. One benefit that ICES could
bring to the situation is to develop an observing inventory in the North Atlantic as
part of the Data Centre. Alternatively, ICES could work with GOOS to develop a virtual ICES Regional Alliance and host an inventory through this activity.
4.3
BASIN (Basin-scale analysis, synthesis, and integration)
Another activity that was discussed at the IGSG meeting was the BASIN project 11.
BASIN has just released a Science and Implementation Plan, 12 and P. Wiebe (USA)
gave an overview presentation. BASIN is an initiative to develop a joint EU/North
American ocean ecosystem research program. The goal is to resolve the impact of
climatic processes on ecosystems of the North Atlantic basin and shelf seas. The ICES
Report on Ocean Climate 2006 shows a warming over the North Atlantic and this
trend is likely to continue. Basin-wide warming will have an impact on resource species and ecosystems across the North Atlantic. Numerous researchers and projects are
making the connections from physical conditions, to phytoplankton, to zooplankton,
to fish early life stage dynamics to recruitment. However, there is a need for a basin
perspective on these changes. The aim of BASIN is to understand and simulate the
population structure and dynamics of broadly distributed and trophically important
plankton and fish species in the North Atlantic Ocean to resolve the impacts of climate variability on marine ecosystems, and thereby contribute to ocean management.
11
http://web.pml.ac.uk/globec/structure/multinational/basin/basin.htm
12
http://web.pml.ac.uk/globec/products/reports/report27.pdf
8 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
The Program has 4 elements: i) Data Assembly and Synthesis, ii) Modelling including
hindcasts, forecasts and Observation System Simulation Experiments, iii ) New Data
Acquisition on biota, biogeochemistry and physics, and iv) Management Applications focusing on ecosystem based approaches to fisheries.
Although BASIN is a research program, there is a clear need for integration with
other activities in the North Atlantic including with ICES and GOOS. The first element of BASIN is Data Assembly; observing systems will be a key component. A gap
analysis will guide BASIN’s new data collection plans and the gap analysis should
include national and international observing activities across the North Atlantic. Observing system models will also play an important role and an ensemble-based approach should be used working across efforts rather than a specific model approach.
BASIN has the potential to increase the understanding of the biological function of
the North Atlantic and as such, ICES could be one user of the information generated
by BASIN.
The IGSG recommend that ICES and GOOS continue communication with the BASIN
program as it develops, with the goal of cooperation, coordination and synergy.
5
5.1
ToR (c) identify and steer the development of regional ICES, PICES
and GOOS pilot projects to demonstrate the benefits of taking a
GOOS approach in the ICES context:
Review recent developments in IBIROOS
G Parrilla Barrera (Spain) and H Dahlin (Sweden) briefed the IGSG on Iberia-Biscay-Ireland
Regional Operational Oceanographic System
(IBIROOS; Figure 4) 13. IBIROOS aims to set up
an operational oceanography organisation operated by participating partners from the 5 countries bordering the Iberian-Biscay-Irish maritime
area (France, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and UK),
collaborating to develop and implement ocean
observing systems for the IBIROOS area, with
delivery of real time operational data products
and services. IBIROOS is a good example of how
to develop a multinational sub-regional system.
The effort was promoted by EuroGOOS, and
builds mainly on co-ordination of EuroGOOS
members’ activities in the region. IBIROOS had
a meeting at the end of February 2009, but a
meeting report has not been released. IBIROOS
has completed their strategic plan 14 which extends through 2010.
Figure 4. The IBIROOS Region from
20oN to 55oN and 2oE to 30oW.
13
http://www.ibi-roos.eu/
14
http://www.ibi-roos.eu/publications/Pub_24IBI_ROOSplan.pdf
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
5.2
| 9
Review recent developments in US and Canadian GOOS
At the IGSG meeting, the Canadian representative (C. Johnson, Canada) and one of
the U.S. representatives (J. Hare) discussed the need for more coordination of ocean
observing activities between countries at the federal level. One tangible outcome of
this recognition is a joint paper that will be presented at a regional ecosystem meeting
comparing and contrasting federal oceanographic observing activities by the two
countries. This interest between federal agencies could serve as another catalyst for a
broader North American or Northwest Atlantic Ocean observing consortium (see
Section 3.3).
Another U.S. effort that was
presented and discussed at
the meeting was the National Science Foundation
(NSF) 15 Ocean Observing
Initiative (OOI) 16.
A. Plueddemann (USA) was
invited to give an overview
talk to the IGSG. The research-driven OOI is a major
contribution by NSF to the
national and international
effort to establish a global
Earth observing system.
Planning for OOI has been
underway for a number of
years and the final network
designed was released in
2008 17. A 5-year program
will start in 2010 to build the
Figure 5. Map of Ocean Observing Initiative focal regions
planned network and this
effort will be followed by a
5-year program for maintenance and operation. The planned operational life of the
effort is 25-30 years. The science themes of OOI are sixfold: 1) ocean-atmosphere
change, 2) climate, ocean circulation and ecosystems, 3) turbulent mixing and biophysical interactions, 4) coastal ocean dynamics and ecosystems, 5) plate-scale and
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency with a
mission of promoting the progress of science to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare and to secure the national defence. NSF is the funding source for approximately 20 percent of all federally supported basic research conducted by
America's colleges and universities and is the major source of federal backing in
many scientific disciplines (http://www.nsf.gov/about/).
15
16
http://www.orionprogram.org/OOI/default.html
17
http://oceanleadership.org/files/ocean_observing/OOI_FDR_Panel_Report_Final_Pub
lic_ver_1-01.pdf
10 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
ocean geodynamics, and 6) fluid-rock interaction, sub-seafloor biosphere. One
phasis of OOI is developing the enabling technology to meet the science objectives.
These technologies include: profilers, bio-optical and chemical sensors, programmable platforms and cyber-infrastructure. OOI plans to work in three regions (Figure 3):
Northeast Pacific, Northwest Atlantic, and high latitudes. The Northwest Atlantic
systems are highly relevant to ICES (and to BASIN). Further, these activities could be
coordinated with the US IOOS Regional Associations and federal ecosystem-based
management needs.
5.3
Review recent developments in FerryBox consortium.
FerryBox Consortium
The FerryBox consortium was initially an EU funded project involving institutions in
numerous countries. The EU funding is past and the consortium is seeking new
funding sources. The FerryBox sampling is dependent on Ship-of-Opportunity
platforms. The consortium has a network of vessels that collect data while underway
(Figure 6). The specific variables measured differ somewhat among institutions and
vessels but for example, the GKSS operations measure temperature, salinity,
turbidity, chlorophyll, oxygen, pH, algal groups and nutrients. This system runs
autonomously,
is
controlled by GPS
position,
is
self
cleaning and has an
automatic
water
sampler. The data is
collected from the
ferry and then served
through
a
shore
station. The strengths
of
the
FerryBox
program are many: no
ship operation costs,
no energy restrictions,
regular maintenance
possible,
transects
Figure 6. Schematic of current FerryBox routes in the Northeast Atlantic
sampled repeatedly,
bio-fouling can be
controlled.
The
weaknesses are few: sampling limited to transects and no depth sampling. The GKSS
work with FerryBox in overcoming the weaknesses through integration with other
datasets including satellite data for synoptic surface measurements and research
vessel data for in situ data over broader spatial scales. The high sampling frequency
captures short-term but important (in terms of magnitude) events. For example, a
short duration, high intensity bloom in the North Sea that contributed a significant
proportion of the seasonal chlorophyll.
General use of Ships of Opportunity
After discussing the FerryBox consortium, the IGSG discussed the role of Ships of
Opportunity in general. Many of the specific elements described for the FerryBox
program apply to Ships of Opportunity in general. There are numerous observing
programs, relevant to ICES and GOOS, that use Ship of Opportunity: Sir Alister
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 11
Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science Continuous Plankton Recorder work 18, several
projects at the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory GOOS Centre
19, the Oleander Project 20, as well as underway CO2 measurements by the EU project
CARBOOCEAN (2005–2009) 21 and within the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP) 22. These programs have similar components: sampling systems,
communication systems, QC systems, and data serving systems.
A community white paper (Hydes et al.) is being prepared for the OceanObs’09 Symposium to be held in Venice 21–25 September 2009. This paper will outline the stateof-the-art in the use of commercial ships to routinely collect biogeochemical and hydrographical data with FerryBox systems and will describe recent developments in
technology and the application of such systems around the world. Further on it will
consider emerging technologies and those required to improve the effectiveness of
such systems.
There is also a newly formed SCOR workgroup named ‘OceanScope’. The purpose of
the group is to develop a new paradigm for the systematic and sustained observations of the ocean through close collaboration with merchant marine industry 23. ICES
should follow the activities of this group, because ship of opportunity platforms offer
many benefits.
6
ToR (d) Identify and steer the development of appropriate outreach
activities to disseminate information about ICES and GOOS and to
articulate the benefits of taking a GOOS approach in the ICES context:
6.1
Promote a special session and plenary lecture on GOOS at the ICES ASC
in 2010 (France)
ICES ASC Theme Session 2010
The IGSG will propose a theme session for the ICES 2010 ASC. The focus of the theme
session will be the chain of science from ocean observing systems and operational
models, to the development of products to advise management. This chain is already
in use in the ICES community: for example fisheries-independent trawl surveys
(ocean observing systems), are used to develop estimates of population
characteristics (operational fisheries science), which in turn contribute to stock
assessments (products to advise management). The theme session would examine
and elucidate this chain, but from the perspective of new developments in ocean
observing and the opportunities to create or improve scientific advice provided to
managers. The session would be purposely cross-cutting. New developments and
capabilities in ocean observing and operational oceanography would be presented in
18
http://www.sahfos.ac.uk/
19
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/goos.php
20
http://www.po.gso.uri.edu/rafos/research/ole/
21
http://www.carboocean.org
22
http://ioc3.unesco.org/ioccp/UW.html
23
http://www.scor-int.org/Working_Groups/wg133.htm
12 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
the context of improving scientific advice provided to managers. From the other end,
presentations describing current and future needs of fisheries management,
ecosystem-based of approaches to management, and forecasts of the effect of climate
on marine ecosystems would be geared toward informing the ocean observing
community. The session would encourage contributions in the following areas:
•
Overview of Ocean Observing Systems and Capabilities in the North Atlantic and North Pacific
•
Development of Operational Oceanography in the North Atlantic and
North Pacific including development of new tools with direct relevance to
management related products
•
Development of Scientific Products from Managements (Stock Assessments, Ecosystem Status Reports, Integrated Ecosystem Assessments)
•
Application to Ecological and Climate Forecasting
•
Future – How can the function of observing systems-operational oceanography-product development be strengthened? How do institutions and
organizations interact as both data providers and product users?
Owing to the cross-cutting nature of the proposed theme session, IGSG will seek participation from WGOOFE and WGOH, and potentially other ICES WG. The idea is to
have broad participation across the ICES and GOOS communities to strengthen the
chain from observing to products. The overall goal is to increase communication between the ocean observing and fisheries and ecosystem assessment communities. Ultimately, the value of ocean observations will be measured, in part, by the
contribution to improving management of marine resources. If the session involves a
description of ocean observing systems and capabilities to the ocean observing community with little participation from scientists involved in developing products and
from those developing ICES advice, then we will not have meet our objectives.
A tentative title for the theme session is: ICES and the Ocean Observing Community:
Making Tools, Observations, and Products in Support of Marine Management
In addition to proposing a theme session, the IGSG will propose a plenary speaker.
The speaker will present the importance of ocean observing and operational oceanography to developing products in support of marine management.
The IGSG Chair will discuss the theme session and plenary speaker with ICES Secretariat to determine the protocols for making proposals.
PICES / MONITOR Committee
H. Sugisaki (Fisheries Research Agency, Japan) gave an overview of the activities of
the PICES / MONITOR Committee 24. The ToRs of this PICES Committee have many
similarities to the IGSG ToRs and thus PICES wanted to encourage more communication between the two committees. The MONITOR committee includes members from
both ICES and non-ICES countries. One example of the activities of the group is involvement with the Alaska Ocean Observing System, which is a NOAA-IOOS Regional Association and thus part of the U.S. contribution to GOOS. The Japanese
Fisheries Research Agency is also involved; they have fishery and oceanographic observations dating back to the 1950s. The Committee was also involved in the North
24
http://www.pices.int/members/committees/monitor.aspx
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 13
Pacific Ecosystem Status Report 25 and the development of a CPR data server for the
North Pacific 26. Finally, the MONITOR Committee and PICES in general are participating in the FUTURE Project 27 and recognize the importance of sustained ocean observations.
Based on the similarities in interests, H. Sugisaki invited the IGSG to co-sponsor a
Theme Session at the 2010 PICES Annual Meeting. The session would likely focus on
the use of ocean observations in forecasting. In principle, the IGSG accepted the invitation and more specific planning will occur in the coming months.
Again, based on similar interests, the IGSG invited the MONITOR Committee to cosponsor the 2010 Theme Session at the ICES ASC. The IGSG Chair and MONITOR
Chair will discuss this as plans develop.
The IGSG was very appreciative of H. Sugisaki’s efforts to attend the meeting in
Woods Hole and looks forward to working with the PICES MONITOR Committee.
6.2
Link information on this group and ICES at the GOOS web site
The IGSG reviewed the GOOS website. J Hare will work with IOC to update the
website.
6.3
Recommend a joint session in cooperation with WGOH and EGU/AGU.
This recommendation was discussed and the IGSG will seek WGOH participation in
the 2010 Theme Session described above.
7
Other Business
7.1
Future of IGSG
A long discussion was held regarding the future of the IGSG. The IGSG was set up as
a group to coordinate between ICES and GOOS, but participation has been low in
recent years. Although there are 20+ members of the group (as counted through the
email list of the group), only six members participated in the meeting. There is a concern that this level of participation is below the critical mass necessary to sustain the
group. In addition, there are numerous international workshops on ocean observing
and it seems that funding is more readily available for planning and coordination
than for actually making ocean observations.
Three options were discussed for future IGSG meetings. One option was to recommend the dissolution of the IGSG group. After discussion, this option was rejected,
because the group reiterated the value of trying to coordinate ocean observing activities across the North Atlantic. A second option was to recommend merging IGSG
with another workgroup. After discussion, this option was rejected because the ac-
http://www.pices.int/publications/special_publications/NPESR/2005/
npesr_2005.aspx
25
26
http://www.pices.int/projects/tcprsotnp/default.aspx/#data
27
http://www.pices.int/members/scientific_programs/FUTURE/FUTURE_default.aspx
14 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
tivities of the IGSG bridge many ICES working groups. As there is overlap with
many ICES working groups, the IGSG serves as forum to discuss ICES broad interest
and expertise in using ocean observations in support of marine management. The
third option was to continue as is and to try to encourage greater participation. One
mechanism for this was to hold the IGSG meeting with another ICES working group
or in combination with another meeting. This option was supported by the group
and J. Hare will contact other WG Chairs to investigate the possibility of a comeeting.
7.2
Next Meeting
As indicated above, the IGSG Chair we communicate with other WG to discuss a
joint meeting. Arrangements will be complete and approved by the IGSG prior to the
ASC in September.
7.3
Action Items
•
Discuss with ICES participation in 2009 Meeting of IntergovernmentalGOOS (Paris, France June, 2009) – H. Dahlin Sweden, J. Hare, USA
•
Discuss with ICES and EuroGOOS a link between ICES Data Centre products to the European Directory of the Ocean-observing system 28 - J. Hare
USA and H. Dahlin Sweden
•
Discuss further coordination of ocean observing activities in the Northwest
Atlantic – C. Johnson Canada and J Hare USA
•
Keep lines of communication open with North Atlantic ocean observing
activities:
GOOS and EuroGOOS – H Dahlin Sweden
IBIROOS- G Parrilla Barrera Spain
FerryBox and COSYN – W. Petersen Germany
AZMP – C. Johnson Canada
IOOS, BASIN and OOI – J Hare USA
Ship of Opportunity Programs – W Petersen Germany, J. Hare USA
28
•
Strengthen ties with ocean observing activities including GOOS, SCOR,
and GEOSS - ALL
•
Propose Theme Session to ICES for 2010 ASC: ICES and the Ocean Observing Community: Making Tools, Observations, and Products in Support of
Marine Management – J Hare USA
•
Discuss potential co-sponsorship with other ICES WG – J Hare USA
•
Propose Co-sponsorship of PICES Theme Session for 2010 ASC in Portland, Oregon – J Hare USA
•
Work with GOOS to update ICES website – J Hare USA
http://www.edios.org/
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 15
Annex 1: List of participants
Name
Address
Phone/Fax
Email
Gregorio Parrilla
Barrera
Instituto Español
de Oceanografia
34 91 344 1149
[email protected]
Avda. Brasil 31
fax 34 91 5974770
cell 606955210
28020 Madrid
SPAIN
Hans Dahlin
Swedish
Meteorological
and Hydrological
Institute
Folkborgsvägen 1
Phone: +46 11 495
83 05
[email protected]
Fax: +46 11 495 80
01
SE-601 76
Norrköping
SWEDEN
Catherine Johnson
Fisheries and
Oceans Canada
Phone: +00 1 (902)
426 0753
Bedford Institute
of Oceanography
Fax +00 1 (902)
426-9388
[email protected]
P.O. Box 1006
Dartmouth, NS
B2Y 4A2
CANADA
Jon Hare
NOAA NMFS
NEFSC
Phone: +00 1 (401)
782 3295
Narragansett
Laboratory
Fax: +00 1 (401)
782 3201
[email protected]
28 Tarzwell Drive
Narragansett, RI
02882
USA
James Manning
NOAA NMFS
NEFSC
Phone: +00 1 (508)
495 2211
Woods Hole
Laboratory
Fax: +00 1 (508)
495 2258
[email protected]
166 Water Street
Woods Hole, MA
02882
USA
Wilhelm Petersen
GKSS Research
Centre
Phone: +49 4152
872358
Instiute for
Coastal Research
Fax: +49 4152
872366
Max Planck Str. 1
21502 Geesthacht
GERMANY
[email protected]
16 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
Hiroya Sugisaki
Phone: +81-45-7887652
[email protected]
IFREMER Centre
de Brest (
IFREMER) Z.I.
Pointe du Diable
B.P. 70 Plouzané
29280 FRANCE
Phone: +33 2 98 22
43 16.
[email protected]
GKSS Research
Centre
Phone: +49 4152
871533
Instiute for
Coastal Research
Fax: +49 4152
872020
Hiroya Sugisaki
National Research
Institute of
Fisheries Science
Fisheries Research
Agency
2-12-4, Fukuura,
Kanazawa-ku,
Yokohama,
Kanagawa, 2368648
JAPAN
Pierre Yves Le Traon
BY
CORRESPONDANCE
Franciscus Colijn
BY
CORRESPONDANCE
Max Planck Str. 1
21502 Geesthacht
GERMANY
Fax: +333 2 98 22
45 3
[email protected]
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 17
Annex 2: Agenda
ICES GOOS Steering Group
Woods Hole (USA) in 25-26 March 2009
25 March
9:00AM
Meet at Coonamessett Inn Lobby; shuttle to Woods Hole (~10 min)
9:30AM
Start meeting (Marine Biological Laboratory Candlehouse)
Discuss meeting logistics
Review agenda
Review Terms of Reference (attached)
10:00AM
Participant Presentations (~20 min each)
12:30PM
Break for Lunch (in Woods Hole)
1:30PM
Complete Participant Presentations
Review submitted information (from SharePoint)
Coastal Observing System of Northern and Arctic Seas (Colijn)
Others
3:30PM
Coffee Break (walk to coffee house)
4:00PM
BASIN – Peter Weibe
4:30PM
OOI – Al Plueddemann
5:00PM
Review of day’s activities
5:30PM
End day’s Work
9:00AM
Meet at Coonamessett Inn Lobby; shuttle to Woods Hole (~10 min)
9:30AM
Start meeting (Marine Biological Laboratory Candlehouse)
26 March
Discuss meeting logistics
Review agenda
Review Terms of Reference (attached)
10:00AM
Discuss relationship between SGGOOS and other ICES activities
Specifically WGOOFE
Discuss impediments to ICES-GOOS activities
Discuss PICES-ICES collaboration on GOOS related issues
lead Hiro Sugisaki
Discuss potential ICES-GOOS Theme Sessions at 2011 Annual Science Conference
12:30PM
Break for lunch (in Woods Hole)
18 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
1:30PM
Review Terms of Reference
2:00PM
Work on Preparation of Draft Report
5:00PM
Discuss site and date of next year’s meeting
5:30PM
Adjourn
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 19
Annex 3: IGSG terms of reference for the next meeting
The ICES GOOS Steering Group [IGSG] (Chair J. Hare, USA) will meet next spring
DATE and VENUE [to be determined] to:
a ) identify and improve the global and regional linkages between ICES and
GOOS bodies
b ) identify and steer the development of components and activities of ICES
contributing to GOOS, as well as GOOS products relevant to ICES
c ) identify and steer the development of appropriate outreach activities to
disseminate information about ICES and GOOS and to articulate the benefits of taking a GOOS approach in the ICES context:
IGSG will report by DATE to the attention of SCICOM.
Supporting Information
Priority:
Scientific
justification and
relation to action
plan:
The activities of the ICES GOOS Steering Group must be considered essential
for participation of ICES as an active regional partner in GOOS and to make
ocean observing data and information available to the ICES community
Action Plan No: 1.
Term of Reference a)
Identify and improve the global and regional linkages between ICES and
GOOS bodies
The activities of GOOS should be reviewed
The activities of EuroGOOS should be reviewed
The activities of IOOS and Canadian OOS activities should be reviewed
Term of Reference b)
Identify and steer the development of components and activities of ICES contributing to GOOS, as well as GOOS products relevant to ICES
The activities of regional and national program and projects should be reviewed
Term of Reference c)
Identify and steer the development of appropriate outreach activities to
disseminate information about ICES and GOOS and to articulate the
benefits of taking a GOOS approach in the ICES context
The status of the 2010 Theme Session should be reviewed
The status of the 2010 joing session with PICES should be reviewed
The status iof the ICES information of GOOS website should be reviewed
The potential role of ICES Data Centre in supporting GOOS-ICES
interactions should be reviewed
Resource
requirements:
N/A
Participants:
The Group is attended by members of the IGSG. Next year’s meeting may be
held jointly with another WG
Secretariat
facilities:
None.
Financial:
No financial implications.
20 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
Linkages to
advisory
committees:
Ocean observing activities are highly relavant to the interest of all ICES
Advisory Committees
Linkages to other
committees or
groups:
All ICES Science Committes have an active interest in the Group
Linkages to other
organizations:
IOC, GOOS, EuroGOOS, IOOS, PISCES.
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 21
Annex 4: Recommendations
R ECOMMENDATION
F OR
FOLLOW UP BY :
1.List of national ocean observing activities
ICES Delegates (list of national
ocean observing efforts)
2.Develop List of scientists involved in IOOS RAs and ICES to
promote synergy among observing efforts in the Northwest
Atlantic
Hare
3. Discuss with ICES participation in 2009 Meeting of
Intergovernmental-GOOS (Paris, France June, 2009)
Hare, Dahlin, ICES
4. Discuss with ICES and EuroGOOS a link between ICES Data
Centre products to the European Directory of the Oceanobserving system
Hare, Dahlin, OCES
5. Discuss further coordination of ocean observing activities in
the Northwest Atlantic
Hare, Johnson, Canadian and
USA ICES delegates
6. Keep lines of communication open with North Atlantic ocean
observing activities
ALL IGSG members, ICES
7. Strengthen ties with interaction ocean observing activities
including GOOS, SCOR, and GEOSS
ALL IGSG members, ICES
8. Propose Theme Session to ICES for 2010 ASC: ICES and the
Ocean Observing Community: Making Tools, Observations, and
Products in Support of Marine Management
Hare, WGOH, WGOOFE,
WKOOP
9. Propose Co-sponsorship of PICES Theme Session for 2010 ASC
in Portland, Oregon
ICES
10. Work with GOOS to update ICES website
Hare
22 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
Annex 5: Spanish ICES-GOOS related activities
Submitted by: Gregorio Parrilla Barrera
Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Avda. de Brasil 31, 28020 Madrid, España
Contact: [email protected]
In stituto Esp a ñol d e O c ea nog ra fía (IEO ) Activ ities
VACLAN (Variabilidad Climática en el Atlántico Norte)
(http://www.vaclan-ieo.es/)
To study decade changes in the thermohaline properties of water masses in the N.
Atlantic Iberian Basin and its connection with NAO. It also aims at the observation of
the climate change and its relationship to the water, heat and CO2 fluxes, water
masses subduction and upwelling index variability. This project requires of different
observing system: several oceanographic sections, every 6 months, where standard
variables are measured and water samples for O2, nutrients and CO2 analysed for
the whole water column; the mooring of two current meter lines and establishing of a
bimonthly fixed station (MINAS -Multidisciplinary Iberian North Atlantic Station43ºN, 11ºW).
Inverse box model for fluxes calculation are run as well as numerical models. Associated to this project there is a ODAS buoy (waves, meteo, conduc., temper., pH, O2,
fluor.) moored at 43º 50’N, 3º 47’W, 22 nm north of Cabo Mayor.
(www.boya_agl.st.ieo.es).
RAPROCAN (RAdial PROfunda de CANarias)
(http://www.oceanografia.es/raprocan/)
The main objective is to systematize a deep ocean time series section north of the Canary Island to study the variability of the Subtropical Gyre and water masses in the
Canary basin and to understand the mechanisms of heat transport in the N. Atlantic.
The section is carried out on February and September along 29ºNfrom Lanzarote
channel to La Palma west Standard hydrographical sampling is performed in the entire water column, complemented with a current meter mooring.
RADIALES
(http://www.seriestemporales-ieo.net/en/index.htm)
The Radiales project collects oceanographic time series data based on a systematic
and prolonged sampling, making interdisciplinary (physical, chemical, biological)
observations in the ocean. The frequency of sampling is set as to depict the oceanographic events occurring at different seasonal and interannual scales and to let us to
distinguish between the different sources of temporal variability. As part of the in
situ sampling programme, regular observations are performed (mainly on a monthly
basis) along 8 transects located offshore Santander, Gijón, Cudillero, A Coruña and
Vigo as well as during specific cruises focused on the study of particular oceano-
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 23
graphic processes of recognized relevance. In the A Coruña estuary the benthic communities are also sampled. The Radiales project is funded mainly with IEO funds but
also has non-core funding to carry out specific scientific activities coordinated under
the project. The project provides data for the ICES database and annual summary
status reports are presented to the Working Groups in the Oceanographic Committees of ICES.
TIDE GAUGE NETWORK
Established in 1943. 12 stations distributed among the mainland, archipelagos and
Ceuta (N. Africa). Stations in the process of being substituted by radar Data sent by
mode and disseminated through http://indamar.ieo.es in the box “mareas”. This network is integrated in GLOSS.
Puerto s d el Esta d o
One of the roles of the organisation is the monitoring of the physical environment
affecting the Ports. Work is carried out by “Área de Medio Físico” department
(Physical environment Department.
The open is distributed mainly via web page (http://www.puertos.es, under the link
“Oceanography and Meteorology. The “Área del Medio Físico” develop three main
areas of activities:
a) Puertos del Estado operates the following networks
•
The deep sea buoy network is based on 14 Seawatch and 3 WaveScan buoy
stations. The instruments are located at points with depths between 200 and 800 m
and measure atmospheric and oceanographic parameters. Measurements are transmitted every hour via satellite to Puertos del Estado and directly posted to the web.
•
The Coastal buoy Network is providing real time data in some specific points
located at shallow waters. The main objective of the measurements is to complement
those of the Deep Sea Network at those locations of special interest for the port operations or wave modelling validation. The buoys employed are scalar Waverider and
directional Tryaxis.
•
The main objective of the Current meter Network is to obtain oceanographic
measurements (currents, temperature and salinity) complementing those of the Deep
Sea Network. The network is based on current meter chains, consisting in several
RCM7 recorders located at different depths. No real time data is available.
•
The REDMAR tide gauge network is in operation since 1992. The objective is
the real time monitoring of sea level and the generation of historical series for further
study. At this moment the network is composed of Radar, acoustic and pressure sensors. In a short future, all the sensors will be of the radar type.
b) The following forecasting systems are available on-line:
•
The Storm Surge forecast system (Nivmar) is a group of applications designed to provide a forecast of the sea levels in the Spanish coast based on wind and
pressure parameters provided by the Agencia Nacional de Meteorología
(http://www.aemet.es/es/nuevaweb). The system is based on the ocean circulation
HAMSOM model and on the harmonical prediction of tides computed from data
24 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
measured by the Puertos del Estado tide gauge network. The forecast horizon is 72
hours.
•
Forecast of Astronomic Tide for any date selected by the user. The results are
derived from data obtained after analysis of the measurements recorded by the
REDMAR tide gauges network.
•
The Wave Forecast System (Sistema de Predicción de Oleaje (SPO)) is the result of the works developed in the field of the wave models and fulfils a need of the
Port Authorities of having a planning and management system for their port activities. The system is based on a version of the WAM code. Users can access this service
through the Agencia Nacional de Meteorología web page.
•
The circulation forecast system Developed in ESEOO project and nested into
MERSEA models, Puertos maintains current forecast for the Iberian Atlantic waters,
the Canary Islands and The Western Med Sea (being the last a joint product with
IMEDEA). Results can be found at http://www.eseoo.org
c) The databank stores all the data generated by the models and the networks. It can
be accessed on-line and the user can create statistics following adjustable criteria.
AZTI_TECNALIA
(www.azti.es; www.tecnalia.info)
From 2003 AZTI is running 6 coastal stations (http://www.azti.es/oceanodedatos/)
along the Basque coast. In 2006 2 buoys were moored about 10 miles from the coast
in 500 m depth. From 2008 on 2 radar (HF, 5MHz) stations are working at capes
Matxitxako and Higuer. The institution is running 2 hydrodynamic models (ROMs y
TRIMODENA) and one on contaminant dispersion that covers the entire Basque
coast. They are also working in setting up a service for giving current data to Bilbo
and Pasaia Harbours users (http://www.azti.es/bilboil/)
In stituto Ca na rio d e Cienc ia s d el Ma r
(http://www.iccm.es/index.php)
ESTOC (European Station for Time series in the Ocean), (:29.04N, -15.15W; 3670m). It
was established in 1994 about 100 km north of the Canary Islands. Its goal is to create
a long time series on an inter- and multidisciplinary basis in order to monitor and
help understanding oceanic long-term variability in the North Atlantic's subtropical
gyre in conjunction with the Bermuda station BATS. Long-term observations at
ESTOC represent open-ocean eastern subtropical North Atlantic conditions and variability. It is partner of EuroSITES.
ACOMAR Network is an initiative of the Canary autonomous government with a
diverse partnership. It consists of several buoys distributed among the islands of the
Macaronesia region (Azores, Madeira, Canaries and Cape Verde) and the neighbouring African coast. They measures different oceanographic variables and hydrocarbons. The control centre is at the ICCM (http://www.iccm.rcanaria.es/).
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 25
Annex 6: Coastal Observing System of Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA)
Submitted by: Franciscus Coljin, Rolf Riethmüller, Friedhelm Schröder, Emil
Stanev, Kai Wirtz
Institute for Coastal Research, GKSS Research Centre Geesthacht, Germany
Contact: [email protected]
Genera l a p p roa c h
The principal goal of COSYNA is the construction and operation of a long-term observatory for the German part of the North Sea. Elements of the observatory should
also be deployed as prototype modules in arctic coastal waters. One of the main characteristics of COSYNA will be the integration of in-situ observations, remote sensing
and modelling through data assimilation from oceanographic to water quality and
key ecosystem parameters.
The creation of a centrally managed, operational, large-scale monitoring and modelling system is expected to strengthen und bundle expertise existing at the two Helmholtz Association centres GKSS and AWI and members of the consortium of German
marine research (KDM). By providing knowledge as well as hardware the system
will, in addition, enable future research projects pursued by individual partners
within the consortium. Adding to the running governmental monitoring, COSYNA
seeks to pinpoint the German role in the international development of marine monitoring and long-term observational strategies in cooperation and agreement with the
German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH). As a nationally funded
project COSYNA is aimed to link to European partners.
Im p lem enta tion step s
1. Pilot phase (2007 – 2009; investment funds 3.2 M€)
The main objective is to consolidate, to expand and to integrate network components already developed at GKSS in order to set up a system for documentation
and description of the environmental state and changes of
•
Water quality and phytoplankton dynamics on different regular ship
routes (FerryBox) and on Wadden Sea piles,
•
Morphology in coastal location by X-Band radar remote sensing
•
Wave fields by land-based HF-radar and SAR-satellites
•
Parameters controlling the North Sea ecosystem, e.g., algal blooms, distribution of suspended matter and primary production, by means of satellite
optical remote sensing.
This is complemented by the set up of a data management system.
2. Main phase (2010–2012; investment funds 9.8 M€):
The observational platforms will be expanded towards offshore regions of the
German Bight to build an integrated observing and modelling system together
with different scientific partners from KDM and monitoring agencies. The specific
26 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
features of the observatory are observational “Reference Points” (RP’s) and the
coherence of the data accumulation and retrieval as an essential basis for operational data assimilation into models.
Coherence of observations will be achieved through a common sensor package of
the RP’s and systems implemented on the moving platforms. This common package will comprise standard parameters (oceanography, meteorology) with extensions for more advanced chemical and biological parameters.
To cover larger areas of the North Sea, the installation of measuring devices on
ships of opportunity will be continued and extended regarding the number of parameters. Selected, already existing operational or near-future operational systems
and stations operated by GKSS and KDM partners will be incorporated, modernised and adapted as part of the COSYNA network. For achieving budget estimation through the entire water column at selected RP’s, it is planned to pursue
automatic measurements of biogeochemical gradients and fluxes in the sediment–
water (“benthic landers”) and at the water-atmosphere boundary layer.
Geog ra p hic a l c overa g e
COSYNA connects local to regional scales by coupling in-situ observations of
individual catchment areas in the German Wadden Sea with a network of long-term
RP’s and cross-shore transects throughout the German Bight (see Figure 1) and
Figure 1. Map the German EEZ with existing network and newly proposed observational stations and
Transects
of
FerryBoxes
as
well
as
of
gliders
and
AUV.
1: East Frisian offshore platform; 2: FINO 3, 3: North Frisian observational Pile; 4: FINO 1;
5: AWI Helgoland. Map courtesy of BSH
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 27
finally FerryBox transects plus satellite remote sensing over the North Sea area.
Elements of the systems will also be tested in Arctic waters.
The geometrical formation of RP’s is adapted to cover strong recurring gradients
across and along the residual main coastal current in the German Bight. Mobile
measuring platforms are foreseen to connect the RP’s. The geometrical arrangement
of the RP’s and transects will complement the existing observational systems of
MARNET, operated by the BSH (see figure 1).
Pla tform s
The basis of COSYNA is a common package of sensors at fixed and mobile platforms.
Most of the fixed North Sea and Wadden Sea platforms are either already in operation or will be built by offshore industry partners in near future. Some of them will
also serve as nodes to connect further observational devices (e.g. benthic landers).
Apart from near-coast piles, sensor units will be installed on offshore platforms
within windfarms. A new platform directly offshore the East Frisian Wadden Sea is
part of the investment. Mobile platforms cover ships-of–opportunity, ships-ondemand and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs, gliders). X-band and HFRadar systems are based on land directly at the coastline.
In strum ents
Key physical, sedimentary, geochemical and biological parameters will be monitored
at high temporal resolution in the water column and at the upper and lower boundary layers. At selected sites, COSYNA includes new sensors for measuring profiles
and fluxes at the water-atmosphere and at the sediment-water interface.
One innovative technical component within the concept will be the development of
new robust sensor systems which will be operated in the FerryBox systems
(pCO2/alkalinity, optical absorption spectra of algal pigments, algal activity (FRRF),
and gene-probes for algal species detection (with AWI). A summary of COSYNA parameters is given in Table 1.
Table 1. COSYNA instruments & parameters
Meteorology
pressure, temperature, wind, global radiation,
humidity, rain-sampler
Oceanography
CTD, floater (water level, waves), ADCP/ADV
(currents), directional wave rider, X-Band & HF-radar
(currents, waves, bathymetry)
Suspended material
optical turbidity, fluorescence, PAR, PSICAM
(taxonomic comp., primary production), sampler
Water chemistry
automated nutrient analysers, oxygen, pH, alkalinity
Further (investigated/planned)
zooplankton, …..
28 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
Ma inta ina b ility
The realisation of a critical number of RP’s in the framework of this investment proposal including its long-term maintenance through GKSS and its partners calls for a
completely new approach. For the RP’s, all located in the German Bight, COSYNA
will make use of existing research platforms (FINO 1 and FINO 3) and offshore wind
turbines. They offer a sustainable offshore construction, are linked through cable
routes as well as through telemetry connected to the mainland, and have regular
maintenance by ship or helicopter. Therefore an essential characteristic of COSYNA
will be to participate in this external infrastructure.
Q ua lity Ass ura nc e
Quality assurance measures comprise regular and systematic comparison with laboratory standards, in-situ samples and inter-calibration among sensors of different
platforms. An essential point is regular maintenance (cleansing, repair work) of the
sensor packages, especially to minimize effects of bio-fouling. The incoming data will
be checked by applying temporal and regional filters or checking the consistency between different sensors and parameters. Methods and processing steps will be documented. Participation in national and international activities (e.g. ECOOP) is under
way.
Da ta flow a nd m a na g em ent
The data management system is still under development, but some modules are running already steadily. Data of the near-coast platforms and land-based radar are
transmitted in real-time to the GKSS computer centre using GPRS or UMTS. Here
they are stored in a relational data base. The data can be publicly visualized via Webbrowser and downloaded by authorised users. The OGC standard Sensor Observing
Service (SOS) is installed and most COSYNA data will be available using SOS. This
allows e.g. to include COSYNA data into the world-wide data access system of OpenIOOS (www.openioos.org).
A first version of a meta data system based on the German “NOKIS network of
metadata” is being tested. A concept to prepare observational data from COSYNA
platforms and external sources in near real-time and sufficient quality for data assimilation in pre-operational now- and forecasting is under development.
More information about COSYNA and access to the observational data
http://www.cosyna.de; http://www.coastlab.org
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 29
Annex 7: Summary of French activities in operational oceanography and
relevance to ICES
Submitted by: Pierre Yves Le Traon
IFREMER Centre de Brest ( IFREMER) Z.I. Pointe du Diable B.P. 70 Plouzané 29280
France
Contact: [email protected]
Over the past 15 years, France has been developing its activities in operational oceanography (OO) with the setting up of the Mercator Ocean modelling and data assimilation centre (www.mercator-ocean.fr) and its in-situ component Coriolis (that
includes the French Argo program) (www.coriolis.eu.org). Satellite component is developed through CNES (in particular altimetry) (www.aviso.oceanobs.com). French
activities in OO have been carried out in the framework of the international Global
Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) (www.godae.org).
IFREMER has coordinated the development of European operational oceanography
capabilities with the MERSEA EC project (2004-2008) (www.mersea.eu.org) which led
to a major European undertaking in operational oceanography: the GMES Marine
Core Service (MCS). MyOcean (2009-2012) is the first project of the GMES MCS.
MyOcean is coordinated by Mercator Ocean (www.myocean.eu.org). France is also
coordinating the development of a sustained European contribution to Argo
(www.euro-argo.eu).
As far as French coastal zones are concerned, development of a prototype coastal operational oceanography system (PREVIMER) started in 2005 (www.previmer.org).
PREVIMER is now entering a new development phase (2009-2012).
Links with ICES are important both for PREVIMER, MyOcean and GODAE. IFREMER fishery research scientists are important users and drivers of the PREVIMER
system. New products are developed according to their requirements (e.g. ocean
physical indices relevant for fishery management, reanalyzed products). IFREMER is
also in charge of analyzing/developing the links between MyOcean and marine resource management and research groups. At the international level, GODAE set up
in 2007 a task team to work on the relationships between GODAE and the IMBER
research program. This task team is one of the 4 task teams that will continue in the
new sustained phase of GODAE (GODAE OceanView).
IFREMER is also participating to the recently formed ICES Working Group for Operational Oceanography products for Fisheries and Environment (WGOOFE) (see
http://www.ices.dk/reports/occ/2008/wkoop08.pdf). Relationship between WGOOFE
and the ICES/GOOS working group should be analyzed further (one option could be
to merge the two groups).
30 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
Annex 8: Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP)
Submitted by: Catherine Johnson
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute Oceanography
Contact: [email protected]
Genera l a p p roa c h
The Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP) was established in 1998 to describe
and understand seasonal and interannual variability in the physical, chemical, and
biological ocean environment of the Canadian northwest Atlantic. The program provides multidisciplinary data sets that are necessary to track and predict changes in
the state and productivity of the ocean ecosystem, to support the sound development
of ocean activities, and to provide adequate historical databases to address future
issues. Sampling performed by AZMP represents minimum requirements to adequately detect and measure inter-annual variability in the ocean environment over
Atlantic Canadian continental shelves and slopes. The Atlantic Fisheries and Oceans
Canada (DFO) regions (Gulf, Maritimes, Newfoundland, and Québec) are collectively
responsible for the delivery of this monitoring program.
Prog ra m over view
The AZMP observation component consists of the following elements:
•
Six time series from fixed stations, sampled at approximately semimonthly frequency since 1999, to observe the seasonal cycle of temperature, salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll, phytoplankton, and zooplankton
(Figure 1A)
•
Two or three broad-scale surveys annually in each region since 1999. Sampling at transect stations includes temperature, salinity, nutrients, oxygen,
chlorophyll, phytoplankton, and zooplankton across the entire zone (Figure 1B)
•
Semi-monthly composite maps of Sea Surface Temperature (SST), chlorophyll, and phytoplankton biomass from satellite observations
•
Acquisition of data from previously existing monitoring programs:
- Monthly CPR transect across the Gulf of Maine, Scotian Shelf, and Grand
Banks, sampled since 1961, except between 1974 and 1991.
- Physical, chemical, and biological sampling on groundfish assessment
surveys several times per year
- Annual monitoring cruises in the Labrador Sea
- Nearshore plankton sampling (Bedford Basin)
- Inshore water temperature, sea-level, air temperature and solar radiation
- Ice monitoring
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 31
Geog ra p hic a l c overa g e
The AZMP includes broad-scale survey cruises several times per year on the Newfoundland and Scotian Shelves and in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Fixed stations are
sampled at high frequency on the Newfoundland and Scotian Shelves, in the Gulf of
Saint Lawrence, and in the Bay of Fundy (Figure 1). Associated monitoring programs
provide additional data from the Labrador Sea and the Gulf of Maine.
A
B
Figure 1. AZMP fixed stations (A) transects (B).
Da ta ma nag em ent a nd rep orting
Compilation and access to data sets and program documentation are provided at the
Integrated Science Data Management (ISDM) website:
http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/isdm-gdsi/azmp-pmza/index-eng.html
AZMP provides annual, peer-reviewed ecosystem status reports describing the biological, chemical, and physical oceanographic conditions of the past year to national
and international audiences. These Research Documents and Science Advisory Reports are available through the Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat:
http://www.meds-sdmm.dfompo.gc.ca/csas/applications/Publications/publicationIndex_e.asp
Highlights are described in the AZMP Bulletin, available in the documents section of
the ISDM website.
32 |
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
Annex 9: Integrated Ocean Observing Systems on the Northeast
Continental Shelf of United States
Submitted by: James Manning
NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Centre Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Contact: [email protected]
Genera l a p p roa c h
As mentioned briefly in Section 3.3 above, two of NOAA's “regional associations”
border the North Atlantic: the Northeastern Regional Association for Coastal Ocean
Observing Systems (http://www.neracoos.org/) and the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Ocean
Observing Regional Association (http://www.macoora.org/). While both RAs are very
much in start-up phases, they focus on ecosystem-based management, harmful algal
blooms, coastal inundation, marine safety, and ocean energy.
Figure 1. Map of NERACOOS region including some assets overlapping with MACOORA.
ICES IGSG REPORT 2009
| 33
Prog ra m over views
NERACOOS is a collaboration of several academic, federal, state, and industry organisations with a variety of existing assets who share data according to IOOS standards. While not all participants are funded directly by IOOS grants in these initial
years, efforts are made to distribute whatever resources are available to the extent
possible. Much of the limited funding thus far has been used for organisational meetings, help in maintaining long-term moorings, and preliminary modelling exercises.
Given the progress made by the Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System over the last
several years in terms of data interoperability, NERACOOS is relatively advanced in
that regard. The “Data Infrastructure Framework” subcommittee is deeply involved
with the nationwide efforts to standardize protocols, a necessary step towards successful collaboration.
MACOORA operates with a slightly different governing structure where its association is divided into several subregional groups. The Massachusetts and Rhode Island
Bays Systems (MARIBS), for example, is one subregion in the Northern Mid-Atlantic
Bight that overlaps some with the NERACOOS to the north. In their initial funding
cycle, MACOORA has devoted much of their effort towards maritime safety by collaborating with the US Coastguard. Their overall long-term goal however is, much
the same a NERACOOS, to integrate their systems with others in the NOAA IOOS
network.
In addition to these NOAA-coordinated RA's, the Ocean Observatory Initiative
(funded primarily by the National Science Foundation) has plans to build an infrastructure of oceanographic instrumentation for research-oriented studies on the US
coast including some deployments in the Mid-Atlantic Bight.
(http://www.oceanleadership.org/ocean_observing/initiative)
They divide their program into Global, Regional, and Coastal components as well as
a cyber-infrastructure that connects the various components. The objective will be for
researchers to apply for the use of this infrastructure and the ability to plug-and-play
enhancements. Despite slightly different goals and structure, the OOI is on a similar
time-frame as IOOS and hopes to provide a sustained contribution to the national
IOOS framework.