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Transcript
TWO DAY HANDS ON ARDUINO WORKSHOP BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Workshop Content Sl.No 1 Content IoT Overview 1. a. Definition of IoT and WSN background b. Applications and industry verticals c. Architecture overview d. Prototyping platforms and which one to choose 2 3 4 Getting Started with Arduino Introduction to Arduino Platform &Software GPIO Interfacing a. LED Blinking b. Traffic Controller 5 ADC Understand digital input and output a. Activate LEDs using pushbuttons b. Control brightness of led using potentiometer LCD 6 7 8 9 Sensor Interfacing a.Temperature Creating temperature-Logging device b. Moisture c. Photo Interface an LDR to sense ambient light intensity d. Proximity e. Motion Relay interfacing Ethernet a. Creating Arduino Tweeter 10 11 12 13 14 15 Build your own Arduino Project Pg.No Aim Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one second, repeatedly Hardware Required Arduino Board LEDs Circuit Diagram Code // Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards int led = 13; // the setup routine runs once when you press reset: void setup() { // initialize the digital pin as an output. pinMode(led, OUTPUT); } // the loop routine runs over and over again forever: void loop() { digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level) delay(1000); // wait for a second digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW delay(1000); } // wait for a second Aim Traffic Signal Simulation Hardware Required Arduino Board LEDs Resistors – 10 K Bread board Circuit Diagram Code // defining variables so that we can address the lights by name rather than a number int red = 13; int yellow = 12; int green = 11; // add the setup function, where’ll we define the red, yellow and green LEDs to be output mode void setup() { pinMode(red,OUTPUT); pinMode(yellow,OUTPUT); pinMode(green,OUTPUT); } void loop() { changeLights(); delay(15000); } void changeLights(){ // green off, yellow for 3 seconds digitalWrite(green,HIGH); digitalWrite(yellow,LOW); delay(3000); // turn off yellow, then turn red on for 5 seconds digitalWrite(yellow,LOW); digitalWrite(red,HIGH); delay(5000); // red and yellow on for 2 seconds (red is already on though) digitalWrite(yellow,HIGH); delay(2000); // turn off red and yellow, then turn on green digitalWrite(yellow,LOW); digitalWrite(red,LOW); digitalWrite(green,HIGH); } Aim Push button to control LED (Digital Communication) Hardware Required Arduino Board momentary button or switch 10K ohm resistor Breadboard Circuit Diagram Code const int buttonPin = 2; const int ledPin = 13; // the number of the pushbutton pin // the number of the LED pin // variables will change: int buttonState = 0; status // variable for reading the pushbutton void setup() { // initialize the LED pin as an output: pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // initialize the pushbutton pin as an input: pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT); } void loop(){ // read the state of the pushbutton value: buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); // check if the pushbutton is pressed. // if it is, the buttonState is HIGH: if (buttonState == HIGH) { // turn LED on: digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); } else { // turn LED off: digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); } } Aim Control brightness of led using potentiometer (Analog Communication) Hardware Required Arduino Board Potentiometer By turning the shaft of the potentiometer, you change the amount of resistance on either side of the wiper which is connected to the center pin of the potentiometer. This changes the voltage at the center pin. When the resistance between the center and the side connected to 5 volts is close to zero (and the resistance on the other side is close to 10 kilohms), the voltage at the center pin nears 5 volts. When the resistances are reversed, the voltage at the center pin nears 0 volts, or ground. This voltage is the analog voltage that you're reading as an input. The Arduino has a circuit inside called an analog-to-digital converter that reads this changing voltage and converts it to a number between 0 and 1023. When the shaft is turned all the way in one direction, there are 0 volts going to the pin, and the input value is 0. When the shaft is turned all the way in the opposite direction, there are 5 volts going to the pin and the input value is 1023. In between,analogRead() returns a number between 0 and 1023 that is proportional to the amount of voltage being applied to the pin. Circuit Diagram Code void setup() { // initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second: Serial.begin(9600); } // the loop routine runs over and over again forever: void loop() { // read the input on analog pin 0: int sensorValue = analogRead(A0); // Convert the analog reading (which goes from 0 - 1023) to a voltage (0 - 5V): float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0); // print out the value you read: Serial.println(voltage); } Aim Handling LCD // include the library code: #include <LiquidCrystal.h> // initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 4, 5, 6, 7); void setup() { // set up the LCD's number of columns and rows: lcd.begin(16, 2); // Print a message to the LCD. lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print("Dr. Kayarvizhy"); lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print("Press Key:"); } void loop() { int x; x = analogRead (0); lcd.setCursor(10,1); if (x < 60) { lcd.print ("Right "); } else if (x < 200) { lcd.print ("Up "); } else if (x < 400){ lcd.print ("Down "); } else if (x < 600){ lcd.print ("Left "); } else if (x < 800){ lcd.print ("Select"); } } Aim Read the temperature and print it in serial port Hardware Required Arduino Board Temperature Sensor (LM35 temperature sensor) Circuit Diagram Code int outputpin= 0; //this sets the ground pin to LOW and the input voltage pin to high void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); } //main loop void loop() { int rawvoltage= analogRead(outputpin); float millivolts= (rawvoltage/1024.0) * 5000; float celsius= millivolts/10; Serial.print(celsius); Serial.print(" degrees Celsius, "); Serial.print((celsius * 9)/5 + 32); Serial.println(" degrees Fahrenheit"); delay(1000); } Aim Reading the state of a photo resistor Hardware Required Arduino Board Photocell 10K ohm resistor Bread board Circuit Diagram Code const int sensorMin = 0; experiment const int sensorMax = 600; experiment // sensor minimum, discovered through // sensor maximum, discovered through void setup() { // initialize serial communication: Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { // read the sensor: int sensorReading = analogRead(A0); // map the sensor range to a range of four options: int range = map(sensorReading, sensorMin, sensorMax, 0, 3); // do something different depending on the // range value: switch (range) { case 0: // your hand is on the sensor Serial.println("dark"); break; case 1: // your hand is close to the sensor Serial.println("dim"); break; case 2: // your hand is a few inches from the sensor Serial.println("medium"); break; case 3: // your hand is nowhere near the sensor Serial.println("bright"); break; } delay(1); // delay in between reads for stability } Aim Measuring the distance from obstacle ( Proximity sensor) Hardware Required HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor It is a very affordable proximity/distance sensor that has been used mainly for object avoidance in various robotics projects Arduino Board Circuit Diagram Code #define echoPin 7 // Echo Pin #define trigPin 8 // Trigger Pin #define LEDPin 13 // Onboard LED int maximumRange = 200; // Maximum range needed int minimumRange = 0; // Minimum range needed long duration, distance; // Duration used to calculate distance void setup() { Serial.begin (9600); pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); pinMode(LEDPin, OUTPUT); // Use LED indicator (if required) } void loop() { /* The following trigPin/echoPin cycle is used to determine the distance of the nearest object by bouncing soundwaves off of it. */ digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(2); digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); //Calculate the distance (in cm) based on the speed of sound. distance = duration/58.2; if (distance >= maximumRange || distance <= minimumRange){ /* Send a negative number to computer and Turn LED ON to indicate "out of range" */ Serial.println("-1"); digitalWrite(LEDPin, HIGH); } else { /* Send the distance to the computer using Serial protocol, and turn LED OFF to indicate successful reading. */ Serial.println(distance); digitalWrite(LEDPin, LOW); } //Delay 50ms before next reading. delay(50); } Aim Motion detection System Hardware Requirement Arduino Board PIR Motion Sensor Circuit Diagram Code //the time we give the sensor to calibrate (10-60 secs according to the datasheet) int calibrationTime = 30; //the time when the sensor outputs a low impulse long unsigned int lowIn; //the amount of milliseconds the sensor has to be low //before we assume all motion has stopped long unsigned int pause = 5000; boolean lockLow = true; boolean takeLowTime; int pirPin = 3; int ledPin = 13; //the digital pin connected to the PIR sensor's output ///////////////////////////// //SETUP void setup(){ Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(pirPin, INPUT); pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(pirPin, LOW); //give the sensor some time to calibrate Serial.print("calibrating sensor "); for(int i = 0; i < calibrationTime; i++){ Serial.print("."); delay(1000); } Serial.println(" done"); Serial.println("SENSOR ACTIVE"); delay(50); } //////////////////////////// //LOOP void loop(){ if(digitalRead(pirPin) == HIGH){ digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); if(lockLow){ //makes sure we wait for a transition to LOW before any further output is made: lockLow = false; Serial.println("---"); Serial.print("motion detected at "); Serial.print(millis()/1000); Serial.println(" sec"); delay(50); } takeLowTime = true; } if(digitalRead(pirPin) == LOW){ digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); //the led visualizes the sensors output pin state if(takeLowTime){ lowIn = millis(); //save the time of the transition from high to LOW takeLowTime = false; //make sure this is only done at the start of a LOW phase } //if the sensor is low for more than the given pause, //we assume that no more motion is going to happen if(!lockLow && millis() - lowIn > pause){ //makes sure this block of code is only executed again after //a new motion sequence has been detected lockLow = true; Serial.print("motion ended at "); //output Serial.print((millis() - pause)/1000); Serial.println(" sec"); delay(50); } } } Aim To find the Moisture level in the sand Hardware Requirement Arduino Board Moisture Sensor Aim Reverse Alarm System using Proximity Sensor Hardware Requirement The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor It is a very affordable proximity/distance sensor that has been used mainly for object avoidance in various robotics projects . It essentially gives your Arduino eyes / spacial awareness and can prevent your robot from crashing or falling off a table. It has also been used in turret applications, water level sensing, and even as a parking sensor. This simple project will use the HC-SR04 sensor with an Arduino and a Processing sketch to provide a neat little interactive display on your computer screen. Arduino Board Buzzer Circuit Diagram Code #include <NewPing.h> #define TRIGGER_PIN 12 // Arduino pin tied to trigger pin on the ultrasonic sensor. #define ECHO_PIN 11 // Arduino pin tied to echo pin on the ultrasonic sensor. #define MAX_DISTANCE 200 // Maximum distance we want to ping for (in centimeters). Maximum sensor distance is rated at 400-500cm. simon::NewPing sonar(TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE); // NewPing setup of pins and maximum distance. int tonepin = 8; int distance; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); // Open serial monitor at 115200 baud to see ping results. pinMode(tonepin,OUTPUT); } void loop() { delay(500); // Wait 50ms between pings (about 20 pings/sec). 29ms should be the shortest delay between pings. unsigned int uS = sonar.ping(); // Send ping, get ping time in microseconds (uS). Serial.print("Ping: "); distance=uS / US_ROUNDTRIP_CM; Serial.print(distance); // Convert ping time to distance in cm and print result (0 = outside set distance range) Serial.println("cm"); if(distance >0 && distance <10) { Serial.print("Less Distance"); tone(tonepin,2000,1000); } if (distance > 10) { noTone(8); } }