Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
SONOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF NANO MANGANESE DIOXIDE PARTICLES FOR BATTERY APPLICATIONS K. Saminathan, S. R. Srither, K. KathiKeyan, S. Praveen and V. Rajendran Centre for Nano science and Technology, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology Tiruchengode-637215, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract The present study is aimed to develop MnO2 nanoparticles using sonochemical synthesis. MnO2 is widely used in dry cell as a cathode material. Sonochemical method is practically inexpensive, and is very simple technique to produce nano sized particles. During the sonochemical process, very high temperature is generated in the liquid medium due to the rapid collapse of soni9+9cally generated cavities which allows the conversion of manganese salts into manganese dioxide nanoparticles. Capping agents such as poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and ploy vinyl alcohol (PVA) are used to control the growth of particle size. SEM-EDAX, TEM and XRD studies are used to characterize the manganese dioxide nanoparticles. Discharge characteristics such as self discharge, closed circuit voltage (CCV), energy density, power density and capacity of the test cells are performed. The above results reveal that the synthesized nanosized MnO2 particles show 30% improved capacity than bulk MnO2. Experimental Procedure Objectives • Synthesis of Nano γ-MnO2 by sonochemical method KMnO4 • Unique properties - Electro chemically active, low density, good strength at elevated temperatures • Advantages - low-cost, simple process and an amorphous MnO2 has excellent electrochemical behavior Ammonium Hydroxide • Applications - component of dry cell batteries, Lithium Ion Batteries, Super capacitors Structural Analysis - FTIR 40 MnO2 120 10 0 2000 Counts T (%) of tetrahedral A- and octahedral B- sites • 632 1384 617 515 1500 1000 cm-1 is attributed to Contribution of Amorphous MnO2 nanoparticles 100 • XRD patterns of γ-MnO2 heat treated at 80 200°C correspond to amorphous γ-MnO2 60 O-H bending vibration combined with Mn 500 10 wavenumber (cm-1) atoms SEM 20 30 40 50 80 90 EDAX - Spectra • MnO2 is not closely constrained particles are interconnected to in the arrangement of many each other to form an small particles • Electron diffraction pattern is in the form of toroid with • The average size of the particle few apparent rings confirms is 72nm amorphous with little crystalline Particle Size Distribution Discharge Studies • Particle size reveals that the particles are uniformly oriented 1.4 • Maximum distribution (d50) of Cell Voltage - V range of 42-150 nm NANO Current drain C/8 Rate Chemical Reaction 1 0.8 Light discharge : Zn + 2MnO2 + 2NH4Cl → 2MnOOH + Zn(NH3)2Cl2 0.6 0.4 Heavy discharge : Zn + 2MnO2 + NH4Cl + H2O → 2MnOOH + NH3 + Zn(OH)Cl 0.2 0 particles is 85±3nm K - 8.58% Purity of MnO2 is 91.42 % MACRO 1.2 • Particle size distribution is in the grains Mn - 55.71%, O - 35.71 %, 1.8 1.6 •Lithium Ion battery development 70 TEM agglomeration Future Work 60 2 degree • SEM image shows that the • Super Capacitor applications Brown Colloid 140 1125 1562 D.D. Water in a beaker MnO2 • 617 cm-1 is the Mn-O stretching modes 1632 + 160 Mn-O vibrations of MnO2 NPs 20 Manganese acetate XRD - Analysis • The band at 515 cm-1 is ascribed to the 30 Add Drop-wise under Sonication with Ice-bath 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 Prolonged discharge : Zn + 6MnOOH → 2Mn3O4 + ZnO + 3H2O Discharge Time - Min Conclusion The present investigation deals with the production of amorphous MnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sonochemical method. FTIR results shows that the commercial MnO2 peaks are similar with the synthesized MnO2 peaks. The amorphous structure was determined by TEM and XRD analysis. Particle size distribution shows maximum number of 87 nm MnO2 particles are formed in the sonochemical synthesis. Improved capacity in the Discharge studies confirm the MnO2 Electrochemical activity is 30% improved CENTER FOR NANOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY K.S.RANGASAMY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY