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EGYPT STUDY GUIDE

Began irrigation.
Known as “The Gift of the Nile”
Egypt is also known as “The Land of Contrasts”
The Nile Provided:
 Water
 Made farming easier
 Provided thick black mud enriched soil
 Papyrus grew along the river banks.
(made baskets, boats, sandals, paper)
 Fish, ducks, geese (edible water birds)
Because...
 Fertile riverbanks/ barren deserts
 Floods and droughts
 Black land/ Red land (The dark soiled valley
compared to the red color of the desert.)
 White crown/ Red crown
 Upper Egypt/ Lower Egypt
Vocabulary words to remember...
Important names to remember...
Cataract: A high waterfall.
Delta: Triangular shaped deposit of soil near the mouth
of a river.
Papyrus: A reedy plant found along the Nile River.
Pharaoh: An Egyptian king.
Dynasty: A line of kings belonging to the same family.
Embalm: To treat a dead body in order to protect it from
decaying.
Mummy: A body preserved by embalming.
Pyramid: A huge tomb built by ancient Egyptians as a
resting place for a pharaoh.
Hieroglyphics: Ancient Egyptian writing.
Scribe: Person employed to read and write letters.
Obelisks: A tall pillar with carvings on it that told about
a pharaoh.
Sphinx: Statue of a famous mythical creature with the
body of a lion and head of a human.
Important dates to remember...
4000 B.C. People started living in Egypt along the
Nile River.
3300 B.C. Both upper and lower Egypt had Kings.
OLD KINGDOM (2750-2260 B.C.)
 King Menes, the king of upper Egypt, conquered
Lower Egypt and united the kingdoms. He
became the first pharaoh, made Egypt stronger,
and formed the first dynasty.
 Great pyramids were built for pharaohs (ex. The
Step Pyramid for King Zoser).
MIDDLE KINGDOM (2061-1784 B.C.)
 Developed art, writing, architecture, burial
practices.
 Made tools out of copper.
 Developed a better calendar.
Menes: The first pharaoh who united upper and lower
Egypt in 3100 B.C.
Queen Hatshepsut: A female pharaoh who increased
trade in 1502 B.C.
Pharaoh Thutmose III: Pharaoh who built a great empire
with his strong millitary power in 1482 B.C.
Osiris: The god of the dead.
Isis: The goddess of the moon.
Ra: The god of the sun.
King Tutankhamen: Young pharaoh who’s tomb was
found unrobbed.
Howard Carter: A British archaeologist who found
Tut’s tomb.
**************TIMELINE DATES**************
1. 4,000 B.C.
2. 3,300 B.C.
3. 3,100 B.C.
4. 2,750 B.C.
5. 2,061 B.C.
6. 1,570 B.C.
7. 1,502 B.C.
8. 1,482 B.C.
9. 1,070 B.C.
10. 750 B.C.
*********************************************
NEW KINGDOM (1570-1070 B.C.)
 Egyptians learned to fight with horses and
chariots.
 Egypt became a world power by conquering
other nations and building an empire.
 1502 B.C. Queen Hatshepsut ruled and
increased trade.
 1482 B.C. Pharaoh Thutmose III builds a great
empire with his strong military.
 1070 B.C. Egypt’s power begins to decline.
*In 750 B.C. The Kingdom of Kush conquers Upper Egypt.