Download Measures to decrease corruption and

to invest
welfare of their citizens
Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) from the various governmental investments in different industries of the country
such as health, infrastructural, military and many more.
decrease
wealth
inflation
increases
standard of living
recession
civil society
social inequality
decrease
Corruption:
Inflation: The increase in average price level of goods and services over
time.
Recession: a period of temporary economic decline during which trade
and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in
two successive quarters.
"the country is in the depths of a recession"
Social Inequality: ”the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards
for different social positions or statuses within a group or society”
Standard of Living: ”the
 Public spending patterns
Public Sector Wages
 Examples set by the leaders
 Penalty systems
 Transparency of rules and laws
Economic
Corruption has a substantial economic impact. Corruption leads to higher unemployment
because the money that is supposed to be spent on improving facilities and services is gone to the
government for personal gain. The finance is not properly used which results in poor quality
infrastructure/facilities. This means that prices will increase because infrastructure will require
frequent maintenance/rebuilding. This will cause people’s real incomes to decrease in value which
will then decrease spending. If spending decreases, then taxes will also decrease and hence
government will not be able to spend on the welfare of citizens. This will move the economy into
a recession due to less spending and higher unemployment. Businesses will experience falling
demand and will not be keen to invest/expand within the country. Recession can cause serious
problems for the country both socially and economically. The government will try to stop the
economy moving towards a recession by decreasing prices, increasing wages/salaries and other
methods.
Social
Corruption also has a serious social impact. It increases the poverty in
a particular country. It also widens the gap between the rich and the
poor. There is greater income distribution which means that the
distribution of income is more in the rich than in the poor. Corruption
causes social inequality and people don’t want to work together for
common good. It creates more disparity between people and people
are more separated in terms of ethnicity, work, religion and other
categories. Corruption is very bad for a country from a social
standpoint, therefore many NGO’s are trying to reduce and later on
eliminate corruption in the world.
(UNCAC)
the United Nations Convention against Corruption
71 articles
state parties
criminalize certain acts/conducts
corruption.
UNCAC
30 ratifications
140 signatories
UNCAC
prevent corruption
reducing
 Transparency International- German Non- Governmental Organization that publishes a
Global Corruption Barometer and Corruption Perceptions Index, a representation of the
corruption worldwide. It consists of chapters that aim to tackle corruption within that
country. The chapters are driven by staff trained with local experts, they visit rural
communities to provide free legal advice about their government.
 Somalia and other African nations- Somalia is one of the most corrupted nations in the
world, pirates seize ships, the al-Shabaab movement has terrorised most of the country.
Transitional National Government specializes in looting foreign aid that is intended for the
thousands of refugees.
 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)- The UNDOC is strongly concerned
with reducing and eliminating corruption around the world. In hope of doing this, they
have launched a web-based anti-corruption portal that allows people to view information
about legislation from UNCAC from over 170 member states.
 Corruption Council of Europe Criminalization of Acts of Corruption (The Organisation of American
States (OAS))
March 1996- Inter-American Convention against Corruption was
adopted in Caracas, Venezuela.
27 January 1999- Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was adopted
in France. The convention was also open to non-member states, other
states by invitation and the European community.
6 December 2002- African Union Convention on Preventing and
Combating Corruption was implemented in the African Union
29 September 2003- United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime and Protocols entered into force by resolution 55/25.
• 14 December 2005-
Strengthen Democracy’s Transparency Pillar
Address weakness in the Global System
Of recent, World Bank has suspended many loans due to concerns of
corruption. To address this problem, the World bank has proposed a
few ideas.
 Not tying loans with economic policy conditions in such a way that
some governments surrender their policy making.
 Minimum governance, human rights and transparency standards
that must be completed before oil, gas and mining projects can be
done in the country.