Download Lincoln`s war aim

Ch.11: Civil War 1861-1865
Everything Bold, Italics should go on the Battle Chart
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Introduction
Long Term Causes (SP)
Short Term Causes
Immediate Cause
Lincoln’s War Aim
States’ Rights
Star of the West 1/1861
Fort Sumter: 4/1861
Border States
Copperheads
Habeus Corpus
North Advantages (SP)
South Advantages (SP)
Anaconda Plan (1,2,3)
Financing the War
War of Attrition
Confederate Plan
Bull Run: 7/1861
Ulysses S. Grant
Unconditional Surrender
Shiloh: March 1862
Monitor vs. Merrimack: 3/1862
Tech. Advancements
 Ironclad
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Battle of New Orleans: 4/1862
Robert E. Lee
Antietam: 9/1862
Native Americans
England(SP)
Radical Republicans
Lincoln’s New War Aim
Emancipation Proclamation: 1/1863 (SP)
African American Soldiers
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54th
Conscription
Draft Riots: 3/1863
Homestead Act 1862
Andersonville
Clara Barton
Chancellorsville: 5/1863
Gettysburg: 7/1-7/3/1863
Vicksburg: 7/3/1863
Civil War
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Gettysburg Address: 11/1863
William Tecumseh Sherman
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Total War
March to Sea: 1864-1865
1864 Election
Andrew Johnson
Battles of Ft. Fisher: Dec. 1864 &
Jan. 1865
Battle of Ft. Anderson: Feb 1819, 1865
Richmond
Appomattox Courthouse: 4/5/1865
Ford’s Theater: 4/10/1865
John Wilkes Booth
Results of Civil War
Economic Changes
Conclusion
Ch. 11 NC Competency Goals
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US 3.01: Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican
War to the outbreak of the Civil War.
US 3.02: Analyze and assess the causes of the Civil War.
US 3.03: Identify political and military turning points of the Civil War and
assess their significance to the outcome of the conflict.
Student Objectives
By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:
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Identify & explain the key terms on pages345, 350, 356, 365 & 371;
Identify & explain the long & short terms causes of the war;
Analyze the advantaged for both the Union & Confederacy;
Identify & explain the significance of key battles;
Identify major personalities in the Union & Confederacy;
Asses the toll of the war on life at home, life of the soldiers, economy, politics
& slavery
Analyze the assassination of Lincoln & determine its affect on the outcome of
the war
“A house divided cannot stand. I
believe this government cannot
endure half slave & half free.”
- President Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln’s war aim was to preserve
the Union
“Whatever may be the result of the contest, I foresee
that the country will have to pass through a terrible
ordeal…for our national sins.”
- Robert E. Lee
Confederate General
Fort Sumter 4/12/1861
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Lincoln would not abandon nor
reinforce Ft. Sumter, but sent food
Davis’ decision
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Nothing – jeopardize cause
Acted – “peaceful” secession would turn
into war
Skirmish at the fort leads to more
states seceding from the Union.
Habeus Corpus
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Constitutional right to
appear before a judge –
ignored by Lincoln
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Allows him to jail anti-war
protestors…found to be
unconstitutional
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Jefferson Davis does it too!!
Battle of Bull Run 7/21/1861
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30,000 Union soldiers to Richmond run into
Confederate army (both inexperienced)
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1st major battle of the Civil War
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Fought outside Washington, DC
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South wins & Boosts morale
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South thought the war was over & went
home
Shiloh: March, 1862
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TN/MS border
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Confederate forces surprise Union
soldiers making coffee
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Union victory
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Showed the importance of scouting
& trenching
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Showed just how bloody the war
was going to be
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25% Union soldiers wounded or
killed
“A Very Bloody
Affair”
Monitor & Merrimack: March 1862
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1st ironclad warships: Wooden frames w/metal plates
C: Merrimack (aka – Virginia)
U: Monitor
Union Victory
Beginning of the modern navy
South is unable to end the blockade!
Technological Advancements
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Breech loading musket
Rifle (Accurate/deadly)
Ironclad: Wooden ship with metal
plates
Ammo (minie ball)
Flame Throwers
Machine Gun
Reason for so many casualties
Hand grenades/land mines
Battlefield Medicine
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Treatment 1-2 days
No antiseptic
Dr.’s 1st experience
“Sawbones”
Stomach wounds = death
Amputations
Death from Diseases
Premier (90%)
 Tetanus (87%)
 Gangrene
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Opium, Whiskey, Quinine
Antietam:
September 1862
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Lee moving toward DC
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2nd Battle of Bull Run & crossed into MD
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Lee’s plans found – Jackson & Lee separated
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Singled bloodies day fighting in the Civil War
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26,000 men died in one day
Emancipation Proclamation: 1/1/1863
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Freed slaves
 But not all
Only in Confederate states not
under Union control
Slavery in border states
 Why?
Gives war moral cause
More support from Europe
“if that what it took to save the
Union.”
Dem. – Prolong war
Davis: determined to fight until the
end, no turning back
54th
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1st all African
American
regiment
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Massachusetts
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Col. Robert G.
Shaw
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Frederick
Douglass
Conscription
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Both North & South draft
men into the military
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1st draft (N & S)
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92% North was volunteers
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Every citizen had
obligation to defend nation
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Can substitute someone
else to fight in your place
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Pay to get out of service
Draft Riots March, 1863
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“Rich man’s war – poor man’s
fight”
Riots in NY: 100 dead
Direct result of conscription
Mainly in North
Home Sweet Home
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Decline of plantation system
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African Americans refusing to work etc.
Food shortages/riots
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Blockade, no slaves
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Most men did not return
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Women & children left
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High Taxes
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Worthless money
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Low morale
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Calls for peace
Home Sweet Home
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Standard of living declined
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Homestead Act 1862: Union
giving free land in the west to
expand Union influence
 Trying to gain more support
in territories
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Some industry up
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Influx of slaves
Andersonville
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Southern POW camp (GA) known
for its terrible conditions
Rather die than got here
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33,000 men on 26 acres
12, 000 died
South couldn’t afford to take care
of POW’s
North had problems as well
Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863
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Bloody 3-day battle
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Lee invades the North
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Union Victory
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Turning point of the war
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Lee’s worst defeat & the South will
never invade the North again.
Results of
Gettysburg
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30% of total men lost
 23,000 Union
 28,000 Confederate
Vicksburg: July 3, 1863
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Grant ordered destruction of rail
lines to distract South away
from port city
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Mississippi
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Confederate soldiers asking to
give up (no food)
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Union takes control of the
Mississippi River & divides the
Confederacy
Gettysburg Address: 11/1863
Dedication of battlefield – defined the goals of the war
“…The world will little note, not long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they
did here...
William Tecumseh Sherman
“Boys, this is old South Carolina. Let’s give her Hell!”
- Sherman to troops when entering SC
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Union general who introduced
modern warfare
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Total War: Destroy everything
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Attack civilian targets, not civilians
“You cannot judge war in harsher terms
than I will. War is cruelty and you cannot
refine it, and those who brought war into
our country deserve all the curses and
maledictions a people can pour out.”
- Sherman regarding the expulsion of civilians from
Atlanta
March to Sea: 1864-65
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Sherman marched from
Georgia to the Atlantic
Ocean destroying all
property along the way
Destroyed South, crushed
morale
25,000 slaves
Destroyed SC (where
treason started)
Gave food & supplies to NC
Northern Victory
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“Total War”
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Election of 1864
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Lincoln not liked
 Length of war, # dead
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Lincoln wins
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Andrew Johnson: V.P.
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Lincoln working on a plan to
reunite the nation after the war,
but he will never live to see it set
into motion
“…but one of them would rather make war
than let the nation survive, and the other
would accept war than let it [Union] perish,
and the war came.”
Abraham Lincoln, 2nd Inaugural Address 3/4/1865
Fall of Richmond
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Sherman & Grant marching to
Richmond
Davis flees & sets city on fire
Richmond falls 1865
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Last of the Anaconda Plan to
be achieved
Appomattox Courthouse
April 5, 1865
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Lee surrenders to
Grant
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Within 1 month, all
remaining
Confederate
resistance collapsed
Ford’s Theatre
4/10/1865
Lincoln to watch
“Our American Cousin”
 John Wilkes Booth
assassinates Lincoln
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Appomattox
 Dies next morning
 Booth found next day
& killed
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April 1865
After hearing of Lincoln’s death,
Jefferson Davis rides through the
South attempting to ignite the war –
failed!
ANDREW JOHNSON
Becomes President after Lincoln’s death
Left to deal with the rebuilding of the country
Results of War
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600,000 casualties
Union won because of attrition
8 different Union generals
Takes south decades to recover
No clear plan concerning reconstruction
North had positive effects due to industry
Uncertain future for veterans
Economic Changes
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High inflation
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Confederate 9,000%,
Union 179%
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End of slavery & slave labor
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Southern landscape was
decimated
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Widened economic gap btwn.
N&S