Download Medical Nutrition Therapy Hematology Terminology Agranulocytosis

Medical Nutrition Therapy Hematology Terminology
Agranulocytosis: a marked decrease in the number of granulocytes.
Aleukemic Leukemia: Leukemia characterized by a normal or low number of white
blood cells in the blood despite leukemic changes in tissues.
Anisocytosis: Patient’s red blood cells are of unequal size.
Anoxemia: An abnormal reduction in the oxygen content of the blood.
Aplasia: Failure to develop.
Basket Cell: Any of the neurons in the cerebellum whose terminal axons form a
basketlike network around another cell.
Blood Dyscrasia: A diseased state of the blood, usually one in which the blood
contains permanent abnormal cellular elements.
Chemotaxis: The characteristic movement or orientation of an organism or cell
along a chemical concentration gradient either toward or away from the chemical
stimulus. Also called chemotropism.
Coagulation Time: the time required for blood to form a clot.
Cocatalyst: a pair of cooperative catalysts that improve each others catalytic activity
Complete Blood Count: s a blood test used to evaluate your overall health and detect
a wide range of disorders, including anemia, infection and leukemia.
Dyscrasia: Any disease condition, especially in hematology, as in "blood dyscrasias."
Erythremia: A chronic form of polycythemia of unknown cause, characterized by an
increase in blood volume and red blood cells, bone marrow hyperplasia, redness or
cyanosis of the skin, and enlargement of the spleen.
Erythrogenic: causing inflammation and reddening of the skin.
Erythropenia: A deficiency in the number of red blood cells.
Extrinsic: Of or relating to an organ or structure, especially a muscle, originating
outside of the part where it is found or upon which it acts; adventitious.
Fragility Test: A test to measure the resistance of red blood cells to hemolysis in
hypotonic saline solutions.
Hematology: The science of the blood and blood-producing organs.
Hematoma: A localized swelling filled with blood resulting from a break in a blood
vessel.
Hemoglobinuria: free hemoglobin in the urine.
Hemolysis: The destruction or dissolution of red blood cells, with release of
hemoglobin.
Hemoptysis: the coughing up of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs or airway.
Intravascular: within a vessel.
Isotonic: denoting a solution in which body cells can be bathed without net flow of
water across the semipermeable cell membrane.
Jaundice: a condition in which a person's skin and the whites of the eyes are
discolored yellow due to an increased level of bile pigments in the blood resulting
from liver disease.
Karyolysis: the dissolution of the nucleus of a cell.
Macrocyte: An abnormally large red blood cell, especially one associated with
pernicious anemia.
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH): A measurement of the average weight of
hemoglobin in a red blood cell.
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): The average volume of red blood cells in
erythrocyte indices, calculated from the hematocrit and the red blood cell count.
Megaloblast: a large, nucleated, immature progenitor of an abnormal erythrocytic
series; the abnormal form corresponding to the normoblast.
Normoblast: A nucleated red blood cell, the immediate precursor of a normal red
blood cell in humans.
Pernicious Anemia: Pernicious anemia is a disease in which the red blood cells are
abnormally formed, due to an inability to absorb vitamin B12.
Poikilocytosis: The presence of poikilocytes in the peripheral blood. Also called
poikilocythemia.
Purpura: a small hemorrhage in the skin, mucous membrane, or serosal surface.
Sedimentation Rate: the speed of settling of red blood cells in a vertical glass column
of citrated plasma.
Sickle Cell Anemia: An inherited disorder in which red blood cells contain an
abnormal form of hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen.
Target Cell: an abnormal red blood cell characterized by a densely stained center
surrounded by a pale unstained ring circled by a dark, irregular band.
Xanthochromia: The occurrence of patches of yellow color in the skin resembling
xanthoma but without nodules or plates.