Download IMS1907 Database Systems - Information Management and Systems

IMS1907 Database Systems
Week 4
Relational DBMS Software
An Overview of Microsoft Access
Database Systems
Database
Application
DBMS
Database
Users
Database applications are an intermediary between users
and DBMS
DBMS processes application requests against database
– create definitions, write, read, update
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Relational Database Systems
Relational database systems are currently the most
common used in industry
Access, SQL Server, Oracle, Ingres, DB2, Sybase, MySQL,
Informix…
Organises the database as groups of related tables
Tables are organised by business ‘themes’
– reflect practices and policies of organisation
Tables can be ‘joined’ to discover related information
occurring across ‘themes’
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Relational Database Terminology
Table
– storage entity for a database
– a grid made up of rows and columns
– each row is a record
– each column is a field
– made up of records containing data about a ‘thing’
customer, sale…
– like a folder in a filing cabinet
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Relational Database Terminology
Record
– unit within a table, normally a row of the table
– contains related data about the entity
a single transaction’s details, summary details,…
– like a sheet of paper in a folder
Field
– a smaller unit within a record, a column in the table
– contains a single fact about the entity
– like a field on a sheet of paper in a folder
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Relational Database Terminology
Keys
– defined from one or more fields of a table
– used to order, identify and retrieve data
Primary Key (PK)
– a unique identifier for a particular record
– no two records can share the same PK
– often an ID number useful to a business
 customer number, student number, licence number,…
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Relational Database Terminology
Secondary Key
– defined from one or more other fields of a a table
– used to arrange database in some other order
– can be multiple occurrences in a database
Foreign Key (FK)
– one or more fields of a table that appear as a PK in
another table
– can be multiple occurrences in a database
– used to join tables based on common information
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Relational Database Terminology
Table Structure
– metadata definitions
– instructions regarding arrangement and format of data in
record
– keys, data type, length
– formats, masks, validation rules
– constraints, rules
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Relational Database Terminology
Forms
– alternative method to datasheet for entering and
accessing data
– screen-based form appears similar to paper-based
equivalent of the record
– can be used to both capture and display data
– allow entry, editing, viewing and deletion of records in
one or more table
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Relational Database Terminology
Reports
– provide the ability to arrange data from one or more
tables, and view and print the data for later use
– can also be used to perform calculations, summarise,
and group information before viewing
– screen-based report can appear similar to paper-based
equivalent of the report
– primarily a display mechanism only
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Relational Database Terminology
Queries
– allow you to answer specific questions about data in the
database
– can be used to display records based on criteria, perform
calculations, summarise information, sort and group
information, or delete data from one or more tables in
database
– can be regular or ad hoc
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Creating Access Tables
design
options
DB objects
existing
DB objects
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Creating Access Tables - Design View
Primary
key
data
description
data
type
properties
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Access Tables – Datasheet View
field names
datasheet
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Sorting Tables
Unsorted
data
Sort filters
Field to sort on
Data sorted by
Member_No
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Relationships Between Tables
related fields
relationship
edit
relationship
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Subdatasheets
datasheet
subdatasheet
Click ‘+’ to
open
subdatasheet
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Access – Forms
form
datasheet
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Access – Forms and Sub-forms
form
sub-form
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Access – Queries
related
tables
query
design
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Access – Queries
query
response
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Access – Reports
table for
report
report design
screen
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Access – Reports
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Access – Switchboard
menu options
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References
Duffy, T., (2000), Microsoft Access 2000, Prentice-Hall, Upper
Saddle River, NJ, USA.
Kroenke, D.M., (2004), Database Processing: Fundamentals,
Design and Implementation, (9th edn.), Pearson Education
Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
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