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United States History & Government 11
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CFA-MC #35: The Presidencies Jimmy Carter, Roland Reagan and George H. W. Bush
Directions: Using what you learned, fill in the blank with the best word or phrase to complete the sentence.
1
Which would be the most appropriate
heading for the list below?
I. _____________________
A. Crédit Mobilier
B. Teapot Dome
C. Watergate
D. Iran Contra Affair
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
2
called for the states to assume a larger
role in domestic programs
(4) supported the strengthening of civil
rights legislation
(3)
5
A major result of the Watergate and IranContra affairs is that they have
(1) proven that politicians are loyal to
political action groups
(2) led to lower public confidence in public
officials
(3) shown that the media have no influence
on public opinion
(4) demonstrated that constitutional
processes are not working
6
A major result of the Federal Government's
growing reliance on deficit spending has been
that the national debt
(1) increased greatly during the 1980s
(2) declined on a per capita basis
(3) is owed almost wholly to foreigners
(4) must be secured by a gold reserve
7
A major reason for the ending of the Cold War
Era was that
(1) the Soviet Union was seriously weakened
by internal conflict and economic
difficulties
(2) the United States and the Soviet Union
were unable to destroy one another
(3) the Berlin Wall fell and Germany was
reunited
(4) a recession forced the United States to
cut military spending
8
A major achievement of President Jimmy
Carter was
(1) the worldwide acceptance of his human
rights policy
(2) the balancing of the Federal budget
(3) his handling of international terrorist
incidents
(4) the signing of the Camp David peace
accords
Government Corruption
Civil Service Reforms
Disarmament Conferences
Foreign Policies
President Ronald Reagan's Federal budget
proposals came under sharp criticism because
they
(1)
(2)
1.lowered interest rates and decreased
inflation
(3) 2.increased social welfare spending
(4) 3.included very large deficits
(5) 4.advocated raising the income tax
3
4
An important similarity between the
economic programs of President Franklin D.
Roosevelt in the 1930's and President Ronald
Reagan in the 1980's is that both programs
(1) attempted to reduce the government's
role in the economy
(2) were significantly different from the
economic program of the preceding
administration
(3) were developed in response to major
foreign policy mistakes of the preceding
administration
(4) received the nearly unanimous support
of economists
A major difference between the Presidency of
Lyndon Johnson and that of Ronald Reagan is
that President Reagan
(1) had a good relationship with labor
unions
(2) followed an isolationist foreign policy
9
One direct result of the Persian Gulf War was
that the United States
(1) gained control of oil resources in the the
the Middle East
(2) liberated Kuwait from Iraqi control
(3) brought about peaceful relations
between Israel and its neighbors
(4) obtained overseas colonies in the Middle
East
10 Which statement is most accurate about the
economy of the United States during the
1970's and early 1980's?
(1) The increased cost of imported oil hurt
economic growth.
(2) The Federal budget was balanced.
(3) Inflation declined sharply throughout
these years.
(4) The number of jobs in farming increased
while service jobs decreased.
11 The “supply side” economics of President
Ronald Reagan and President George H. W.
Bush favored
(1) raising tariffs to increase the number of
imports
(2) increasing Federal taxes to support social
welfare programs
(3) providing incentives to stimulate
business growth
(4) establishing government programs to
provide jobs for the unemployed
12 The Camp David accords negotiated during
President Jimmy Carter's administration were
an attempt to
(1) decrease United States control of the
Panama Canal
(2) encourage the use of solar and other
nonpolluting energy sources
(3) end inflationary oil prices
(4) establish peace in the Middle East
13 According to the supply-side economics
principles promoted by President Ronald
Reagan, economic growth would occur when
(1) corporate business taxes were reduced
(2) business was regulated by antitrust
legislation
(3) unemployment benefits were increased
(4) investment in capital goods was
decreased
14 According to the cartoon, President Ronald
Reagan's economic policy was not successful
because
(1) programs to help big business did not
benefit the rest of the economy
(2) a worldwide recession stalled United
States economic growth
(3) dependence on imported oil led to rises
in the cost of living
(4) excessive governmental regulations
discouraged private enterprise
15 Which economic approach, popular during
the administration of President Ronald
Reagan (1981–1989), is illustrated in this
cartoon?
(1) laissez faire
(2) pump priming
(3) trickle down
(4) war on poverty
16 Which generalization is supported by the
information provided by the graphs?
(1) The electoral vote often fails to reflect
the popular vote.
(2) The House of Representatives settles
Presidential elections in which thirdparty candidates participate.
(3) The electoral college system weakens
the two-party system.
(4) Electoral college members often vote
against their party's candidates.
19 One similarity between the Korean War and
the Persian Gulf War is that both
(1) United States attempted to limit traffic
through the Suez Canal
(2) sentiment of the American public turned
against the conflict
(3) United Nations took action to halt the
aggression
(4) dictators of North Korea and Iraq were
removed from office
20 “President Nixon Plans Trip to China To Meet
with Chairman Mao”
“President Carter Signs New Panama Canal
Treaty”
“President Clinton Concludes Trade
Agreement with Japan”
Each headline illustrates an action of a
President fulfilling his role as
(1) head of his political party
(2) Commander in Chief
(3) chief diplomat
(4) chief legislator
17 The controversy shown in the cartoon
occurred when President George H. W. Bush
(1) sided with Iraq against Iran
(2) increased foreign aid to Iraq
(3) sent United States troops to defend
Kuwait
(4) was threatened with impeachment by
Congress
18 The main idea expressed by the cartoonist is
that
(1) discipline has broken down in the United
States military
(2) a majority of the people must support
the conflict before the United States
enters a war
(3) the President's use of military power
may depend on congressional
cooperation
(4) Congress often opposes Presidential
proposals for increased military spending
21 The Supreme Court cases of Tinker v. Des
Moines and New Jersey v. TLO involved the
issue of
(1) freedom of the press
(2) freedom of religion
(3) the rights of students in school
(4) the rights of prison inmates
22 ". . . Our decision about energy will test the
character of the American people and the
ability of the President and the Congress to
govern. This difficult effort will be the ‘moral
equivalent of war’ -- except that we will be
uniting our efforts to build and not destroy. . .
."
-- President Jimmy Carter
Address to the Nation, April 18, 1977
President Carter put these ideas into practice
by
(1) halting construction of nuclear power
plants
(2) increasing imports of foreign oil
(3) urging the development of alternative
fuel sources
(4) imposing a price freeze on all petroleum
products
23 Which factor contributed most to inflation in
the United States during the 1970s?
(1) high tariffs
(2) oil embargoes
(3) tax increases
(4) high unemployment
27 In the Supreme Court cases New Jersey v.
T.L.O. and Tinker v. Des Moines School
District, the Court ruled that
(1) individual student rights are more
important than a safe school
environment
(2) students can be expelled from school
without a hearing
(3) civil liberties can be both protected and
limited in schools
(4) the Bill of Rights does not apply to
minors
28 The War Powers Act of 1973 was passed by
Congress as a response to the
(1) spread of nuclear weapons during the
Cold War
(2) invasion of Kuwait by Iraq
(3) threat of communism in the Middle East
(4) United States involvement in the
Vietnam War
24 This 1991 cartoon is criticizing President
George H. W. Bush for
(1) refusing to support the United Nations
(2) involving the United States in foreign
wars
(3) using foreign affairs to hide domestic
failures
(4) ignoring the economic needs of
developing nations
25 During the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan
used the ideas of supply-side economics to
justify
(1) increases in social welfare spending
(2) expansion of the Social Security program
(3) tax cuts for businesses
(4) reductions in military spending
26 In 1991, one of the reasons President George
H. W. Bush committed United States troops
to the Persian Gulf War was to
(1) maintain the flow of trade through the
Suez Canal
(2) fulfill military obligations as a member of
the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA)
(3) contain the spread of communism in the
Middle East
(4) assure the flow of Middle East oil to the
United States and its allies
29 The beginning of the collapse of communism
in Eastern Europe is most closely associated
with the
(1) fall of the Berlin Wall
(2) admission of Warsaw Pact nations to the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO)
(3) intervention of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) in Yugoslavia
(4) formation of the European Union
30 “Gorbachev Proposes Nuclear Arms
Reductions”
“Berliners Travel Freely Between East and
West”
“Russia Seeks To Join NATO”
These headlines are most closely associated
with the
(1) military arms race
(2) decline of Cold War hostilities
(3) failures of the containment policy
(4) successes of communism in the Soviet
Union
31 A major policy of President Ronald Reagan’s
administration was to
(1) reduce defense spending
(2) lower federal income tax rates
(3) end desegregation of public facilities
(4) promote regulation of small businesses
32 The economic policies of President Ronald
Reagan (1981–1989) and President George W.
Bush (2001–) are similar in that both
(1) balanced the federal budget
(2) expanded welfare programs to end
poverty
(3) used tax cuts to encourage economic
growth
(4) decreased military spending
33 The Camp David Accords and the Persian Gulf
War both show the desire of the United
States to
(1) create stability in the Middle East
(2) expand trade with Asian nations
(3) maintain friendly relations with Europe
(4) provide economic stability in Latin
America
34 Which event is most closely associated with
the end of the Cold War?
(1) passage of the North American Free
Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
(2) establishment of a policy of détente with
the Soviet Union
(3) invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet
Union
(4) fall of the Berlin Wall
35 The Camp David Accords negotiated by
President Jimmy Carter were important
because they
(1) reduced tensions in the Middle East
(2) renewed diplomatic relations between
the United States and China
(3) slowed the pace of the nuclear arms race
(4) provided for cooperation with the Soviet
Union in the exploration of outer space
36 The Supreme Court decisions in New Jersey v.
T.L.O. (1985) and Vernonia School District v.
Acton (1995) show that
(1) a student’s right to privacy is limited
under certain conditions
(2) prayer in public schools must be limited
(3) racially segregated schools are
unconstitutional
(4) a student has no guaranteed rights while
in school
37 One similarity in the policies of President
Herbert Hoover and President Ronald Reagan
is that both supported
(1) a reduction of military spending
(2) the end of Social Security
(3) appointment of a woman to the
Supreme Court
(4) economic changes favoring big business
38 One similarity between President Jimmy
Carter and President Bill Clinton is that both
leaders
(1) attempted to bring peace to the Middle
East
(2) supported the federal takeover of public
education
(3) testified under oath at United States
Senate hearings
(4) proposed treaties to limit trade with
Latin America
39 “President Wilson Represents the United
States at Versailles”
“President Reagan Meets with Soviet
President Gorbachev”
“President Carter Negotiates Camp David
Accords”
Each headline illustrates a time when the
president of the United States acted as
(1) chief diplomat
(2) chief legislator
(3) commander in chief
(4) head of a political party
40 President Jimmy Carter’s decision to pardon
Vietnam War draft evaders who had fled to
Canada is an example of the president’s role
as
(1) chief diplomat
(2) head of party
(3) chief executive
(4) world leader
41 President Jimmy Carter’s decision to criticize
South Africa’s apartheid policy and President
Bill Clinton’s decision to send troops to Bosnia
were both responses to
(1) human rights abuses
(2) civil wars
(3) immigration policies
(4) trade agreement violations
Base your answer to this question on the
conversation below and on your knowledge
of social studies.
Base your answer to this question on the
letter below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
The President:
Helmut! I am sitting in a meeting with
members of our Congress and am calling at
the end of this historic day to wish you well.
Chancellor Kohl:
Things are going very, very well. I am in Berlin.
There were one million people here last night
at the very spot where the Wall used to
stand—and where President Reagan called on
Mr. Gorbachev to open this gate. Words can’t
describe the feeling. The weather is very nice
and warm, fortunately. There were large
crowds of young people. Eighty percent were
under thirty. It was fantastic. . . .
Source: Telephone conversation between
Chancellor Helmut Kohl of Germany and
President George H. W. Bush, October 3, 1990
42 This conversation is referring to the
(1) start of the Berlin airlift
(2) expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
(3) end of the Cold War and reunification of
Germany
(4) signing of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
and creation of the Hot Line
43 Which country’s 1979 revolution and
subsequent hostage crisis cost Jimmy Carter
his re-election as President?
(1) Iraq
(2) Iran
(3) Afghanistan
(4) Kuwait
44 When President Reagan invested in the
Strategic Defense Initiative, also known as
Star Wars, he was putting money towards
(1) protecting the country from nuclear
attack by the Soviet Union
(2) building more nuclear weapons,
especially missiles, to continue the arms
race
(3) peaceful coexistence with the Soviet
Union
(4) a better relationship with China
45 Which event is President George H. W. Bush
referring to in this letter?
(1) the bombing of Pearl Harbor during
World War II
(2) the military service of Japanese
Americans during World War II
(3) the internment of Japanese Americans
during World War II
(4) a ban on Japanese immigration to the
United States after World War II
46 During the 1970s, the United States
experienced a period when both
unemployment and inflation rose. What is the
economic term for this situation?
(1) depression
(2) recession
(3) deflation
(4) stagflation
47 “Grant Administration Caught Up in Credit
Mobilier Controversy”
“Harding’s Secretary of the Interior Indicted
inTeapot Dome Investigation”
“Iran-Contra Scandal Leads to Resignation of
Reagan Advisor”
Which conclusion can be drawn from these
headlines?
(1) American presidents are not subject to
the nation’s laws.
(2) Senate trials have been used to remove
corrupt presidents.
(3) Only Democratic presidents have been
investigated for misdeeds.
(4) Some presidents have been damaged by
the actions of their aides.
48 Which action was a major foreign policy
achievement of President Jimmy Carter?
(1) settling the Suez crisis
(2) withdrawing the United States from the
Vietnam War
(3) establishing improved relations with Iran
(4) mediating the Camp David Accords
between Egypt and Israel
49 President Ronald Reagan used the concept of
supply-side economics when he proposed
(1) reducing income taxes to stimulate
growth
(2) providing direct payments to people
living in poverty
(3) creating government jobs to keep people
working
(4) increasing regulations on business to
promote competition
50 President Ronald Reagan asked Congress to
lower tax rates on businesses and wealthy
individuals in order to
(1) encourage new economic investment
(2) increase exports to Asia
(3) impose limits on the money supply
(4) preserve funds for social welfare
programs