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Transcript
NUTRITION and FEEDS
Digestion/Absorption
Mrs. Jennifer S. Klever
Understanding the Digestive
Systems
• Ruminants
• Non-ruminants
A RUMINANT ANIMAL
• Has four distinctive compartments in its stomach,
which swallows its food essentially unchewed,
regurgitates, and chews it thoroughly and reswallows it
again.
•Examples include cattle, sheep, goats, deer, rhinos,
and elk.
A NONRUMINANT ANIMAL
• Has a single compartment in its stomach, which
swallows its food after chewing and does not
regurgitate its food.
• Examples include pigs, humans, bears, and dogs.
What are the four compartments of the rumen?
Reticulum
Rumen
Omasum
Abomasum
Reticulum 5% capacity
Nicknamed the “hardware stomach”
Function:
-storage space for foreign materials
-such as nails, and wire which can cause damage to
other body organs
-often a magnet is fed to the animal to catch and hold
these foreign materials
Rumen 80% capacity
Functions:
-largest compartment
-in cattle the rumen has the capacity to hold 40 – 60
gallons
-this area is used as storage
-millions of bacteria and protozoa break down the
feed
Omasum 7% capacity
Function
-is a muscular section that squeezes out the water
from the feed before it enters the abomasum
Abomasum
8% capacity
(the “true” stomach)
Function:
-Digestive juices cause chemical changes to break
down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into simpler
substances which can pass into the small intestine for
further digestion and absorption into the blood
stream.
So what’s all that
regurgitation stuff
you were talking
about?
During the process of eating, ruminants (cow,
sheep, etc.) chew there feed just enough to make
swallowing possible. After the ruminants have
consumed there feed, the feed is brought back up
from the rumen and chewing is completed.
Nonruminant Digestion
-food is swallowed
directly into the single
stomach compartment
-there it is mixed with
digestive juices
-Because there is very little bacterial action there is no
conversion of low-quality protein to high quality
protein.
-Result: Nonruminant animals are not able to digest
large amounts of fiber
UNLESS . . .
-The animal has an enlarge cecum (such as
rabbits, horses and guinea pigs)
-Bacterial breakdown happens in the large
intestine and particularly in the cecum of
the horse and rabbit.
Question of the hour!
Can this little lady bloat?