Download Imperatives Principal Parts

Imperatives
 Principal Parts
o Verbs have principal parts. These are the forms of a verb
which you find at the beginning of a dictionary entry. In
English, verbs have 3 principal parts.
 see, saw, seen
 study, studied, studied
 do, did, done
o In English the 1st principal part is the infinitive, the 2nd is the
past simple, and the third is the perfect passive participle.
o Latin has 4 principal parts. The 1st is the first person
singular of the present tense, the 2nd is the infinitive, the 3rd is
the first person singular of the perfect tense, and the 4th is the
perfect passive participle.
o At this point in Latin I, we are interested in the 1st and 2nd
principal parts.
 Imperative
o The imperative is the form of a verb which is used to give
commands. There is a singular and plural form and the
subject is understood to be “you” but is not stated.
o The imperative is formed from the 2nd principal part.
 curō, cūrāre – 1st Conjugation
 maneō, manēre – 2nd Conjugation
 vīvō, vīvere – 3rd Conjugation
 capiō, capere – 3rd-i Conjugation
 audio, audīre – 4th Conjugation
o Singular
 Drop the –re. This gives the present singular
imperative.
 cūrā – look after (s)
 manē – stay (s)
 vīve – live (s)
 cape – capture (s)
 audī – hear (s)
o Plural
 Add –te to the singular imperative. This gives the
plural imperative. Notice the vowel change in 3rd
conjugation verbs.
 cūrāte – look after (pl)
 manēte – stay (pl)
 vīvite – live (pl)
 capite – capture (pl)
 audīte – hear (pl)
o Odd imperatives.
 dīc – say (s)
 dūc – lead (s)
 fac – do, make (s)
 fer – bring, carry (s)
o Negative imperatives.
 Use the imperative of “nolō” + the infinitive
 nolī dormīre – don’t sleep (s)
 nolīte dormīre – don’t sleep (pl)