Download integration and islamic economic thought

GLOBALIZATION AND ISLAM
by
Dr. M. Umer Chapra
Research Advisor
Islamic Research and Training Institute
Islamic Development Bank
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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THE TITLE : CONSISTS OF TWO PARTS
PART I : GLOBALIZATION: WHAT DOES IT STAND FOR?
 INTEGRATION OF THE WORLD ECONOMY
 IS INTEGRATION NECESSARY?

SPECIALIZATION AND DIVISION OF LABOUR

GREATER EFFICIENCY

ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT
 SUCH INTEGRATION IS NOT POSSIBLE WITHOUT THE
REMOVAL OF ALL ARTIFICIAL BARRIERS – HENCE
LIBERALIZATION – FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS,
LABOUR, CAPITAL AND INFORMATION
 HOW DOES ISLAM LOOK AT INTEGRATION AND
LIBERALIZATION?
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PART II : ISLAM : ARE INTEGRATION AND LIBERALIZATION
ACCEPTABLE IN ISLAM
 THESE CONCEPTS ARE NOT NEW TO ISLAM

ONE GOD – ONE MANKIND – HUMAN
BROTHERHOOD
)701 : ‫و ما أرسلنك إالّ رحمة للعلمين (سورة االنبياء‬
)71 : ‫و ما كان النّاس إالّ ا ُ ّمةً واحدة فاختلفوا (سورة يونس‬

IF MANKIND IS A SINGLE ENTITY, WHY DID IT
BECOME DIVIDED?
)71 : ‫و ما تفرقوا إالّ من بعد ما جاءهم العلم بغيا بينهم (سورة الشورى‬

WHY IS THERE ‫ ?بغيا بينهم‬VESTED INTEREST,
PREJUDICES, EXPLOITATION AND MISUSE OF
POWER

THESE HAVE LED TO ARTIFICIAL BARRIERS –
PREVENTED MUTUAL INTERACTION
 IS IT OUR DUTY AS MUSLIMS TO REUNITE MANKIND?
YES!
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INTEGRATION AND ISLAMIC ECONOMIC THOUGHT
 HAVE THE IDEAS OF INTEGRATION AND
LIBERALIZATION BECOME REFLECTED PRACTICALLY
AS WELL AS THEORETICALLY IN ISLAMIC HISTORY?
 PRACTICALLY
 THEORETICALLY
IBN KHALDUN (d. 808 AH / 1406 AC): ‫ عصبية‬SOCIAL
SOLIDARITY – WITHOUT SOLIDARITY THERE CANNOT
BE DIVISION OF LABOUR AND SPECIALIZATION –
NECESSARY FOR ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT
 SOLIDARITY IS NOT POSSIBLE WITHOUT JUSTICE
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‫‪ISLAM AND JUSTICE‬‬
‫‪ THERE CANNOT BE INTEGRATION WITHOUT JUSTICE‬‬
‫‪– FAIRNESS IN HUMAN INTERATIONS IS‬‬
‫‪INDISPENSABLE : EVERYONE SHOULD BENEFIT FROM‬‬
‫‪INTEGRATION‬‬
‫‪ THE QUR'AN:‬‬
‫لقد أرسلنا رسلنا بالبينات و أنزلنا معهم الكتاب والميزان ليقوم النّاس بالقسط‬
‫( سورة الحديد ‪)52 :‬‬
‫ظلم ُ‬
‫ال ُ‬
‫ظلمات يوم القيامة‬
‫‪ THE PROPHET:‬‬
‫)‪ ABU YUSUF (d. 182 AH / 798 AC‬‬
‫‪RENDERING JUSTICE TO THOSE WRONGED AND‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ERADICATING INJUSTICE ACCELRATES‬‬
‫‪DEVELOPMENT‬‬
‫إ ّن العدل و إنصاف المظلوم ن تجنب الظلم ‪ ،‬مع م في ذلك من األجر (الثواب) ‪،‬‬
‫يزيد به الخراج و تكثر به عمارة البالد (كتاب الخراج ‪ ،‬ص ‪)777‬‬
‫‪IBN TAYMIYYAH‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫كان العدل أمرا ً واجبا ً في كل شيء و علي كل أحد ‪ ،‬والظلم محرما ً في كل شيء‬
‫و لكل أحد ‪ ،‬فال يحل ظلم أحد أصالً سواء كان مسلما ً أو كافرا ً ‪ ،‬أو كان ظالما ً‬
‫(مجموع الفتاوى ج ‪ 71‬ص ‪)711‬‬
‫‪IBN KHALDUN‬‬
‫وال سبيل للعمارة إالّ بالعدل (مقدمة ص ‪)511‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫إن الظلم مخرب للعُمران‬
‫(مقدمة ص ‪)511‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪‬‬
ISLAM AND THE NEW GLOBAL ECONOMY
 THE NEW GLOBAL ECONOMY STANDS FOR
INTEGRATION AND LIBERALIZATION, BUT DOES NOT
GIVE TO JUSTICE THE PLACE IT DESERVES – IT
RATHER EMPHASIZES NEGOTIATIONS
 IN NEGOTIATIONS, IT IS THE RICH AND THE
POWERFUL WHO HAVE AN UPPER HAND – SURVIVAL
OF THE FITTEST – LONG-DRAWN, NEGOTIATIONS –
THE WEAK ARE FORCED TO YIELD
 JUSTICE ON THE OTHER HAND REQUIRES VALUES
AND PRINCIPLES – WHEREBY YOU TREAT EQUALS
EQUALLY AND UNEQUALS UNEQUALLY
 OIL, PETROCHEMICALS, TEXTILES AND AGRICULTURE
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JUSTICE REQUIRES ‫( وازع‬RESTRAINING POWER)
ACCORDING TO IBN KHALDUN
 WTO CAN PLAY THIS ROLE – HOWEVER, THE RICH
AND POWERFUL COUNTRIES ARE TRYING TO
DOMINATE IT TO SERVE THEIR VESTED INTEREST
RESULT:
 SEATTLE RIOTS
 WASHINGTON FIASCO
 JUSTICE HAS SUFFERED – INTEGRATION HAS BEEN
FRUSTRATED.
 THE DOHA ROUND OF TRADE NEGOTIATIONS HAVE
NOT MADE MUCH PROGRESS
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FUTURE COURSE OF ACTION FOR MUSLIMS
 GIVE UP? – NO.
 STRUGGLE? YES – JIHAD
‫كلمة الحق عند سلطان جائز‬
 HOWEVER – PROTECTIVE TARIFFS ARE NOT THE
ONLY CAUSE OF MUSLIM UNDERDEVELOPMENT
 IBN KHALDUN –

POLITICAL AUTHORITY

VALUES

PEOPLE

JUSTICE
 PEACEFUL STRUGGLE IS THE ONLY ANSWER – USE
OF VIOLENCE LEADS TO DESTRUCTION AND FAILURE
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