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World War II Leaders Franklin D. Roosevelt: 1933-1945 President of Democracy in America Faced a great deal of economic crisis-given credit for helping America recover from the Great Depression Created the New Deal Excellent speaker-used the radio for his fireside chats to communicate with Americans Claimed America’s neutrality at the beginning of WW II Winston Churchill Became Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1940 Considered to be Britain’s greatest weapon in WW II Early on, Britain fought alone against Germany Used his gift as a speaker to arouse Britons against Germany Communicated through radio; provided hope and said that victory could be achieved Adolf Hitler 1933-1945 Named German Chancellor (PM)-called Der Fuhrer-“The Leader” Elected democratically by the German people-became Totalitarian dictator Very imperialistic-expansionist-Lebensraum Dismantled the Weimar Republic Leader of the Nazi Partyo German form of fascism o Extreme nationalism and racism (Master Aryan Race, The Holocaust) o Private property with strong govt control Wrote Mein Kampf-My Struggle Spoke of his “Third Reich”-German Empire; 1,000 year reign Faced economic crisis-put many men back to work-signed up for military serviceknown as the “Brown Shirts”-Hitler’s private army-Storm Troopers Started WW II by invading Poland in 1939 Benito Mussolini Led the fascist party in Italy-Totalitarian Dictator-early 1920’s Played on fears of economic collapse and communism Fascism-stressed nationalism-need of state above the individual; single strong leader needed; private ownership of property with strong govt controls “Black shirts”-his followers Il Duce-the leader Militaristic expansionist-Ethiopia-1935 Joseph Stalin Communist totalitarian dictator in Soviet Union-1924-1953 Succeeded Lenin, the founder of the Communist Party in Russia State ownership of property; no civil liberties “Man of Steel” Stalin’s Purges-8-13 million killed U.S. opponent at the beginning of the Cold War after World War II Collective Farming-large govt controlled farms Hideki Tojo Militaristic Prime Minister of Japan-1941 Emperor Hirohito-powerless figurehead Tojo promised peace with Americans openly, but secretly planned to attack America Expansionist and Imperialist Invaded Manchuria and China Oil needed to fuel expansion and the Japanese war machine