Download EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE

CHAPTER 2:
BIOLOGICAL BEGINNINGS
LECTURE PREPARED BY DR. M. SAWHNEY
EVOLUTIONARY
PERSPECTIVE
Evolutionary Psychology
GENETIC FOUNDATIONS OF
DEVELOPMENT
• Chromosome
• DNA
• Genes
HUMAN GENOME PROJECT
• 20,500 genes
• Genes work in
collaboration
• Environment
influences a genes
inhibition and
excitation
• http://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=VJy
cRYBNtwY
GENES AND CHROMOSOMES
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Mitosis
Meiosis
Fertilization
Sources of Variability
• Genotype
• Phenotype
CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES
• Down Syndrome
• Also called Trisomy 21
syndrome
• Physical characteristics
SEX- LINKED CHROMOSOMAL
ABNORMALITIES
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Klinefelter Syndrome
Turner Syndrome
XYY Syndrome
Fragile X Syndrome
FRAGILE X SYNDROME
• More common in boys than girls
• Boys 1 in 4,000 and girls 1 in 8,000
• Similar physical features across
different ethnicities
• Cognitive features like
hyperventilation and
hypersensitivity
GENE LINKED ABNORMALITIES
• Phenylketonuria (PKU)
• Sickle Cell Anemia
REPRODUCTIVE CHALLENGES &
CHOICES
• 4 yrs after marriage Jesse and Tracy gave birth to
their first child. Jack appeared to be a healthy
infant, but by 7month of age his growth had slowed
and he was diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease.
When Jack died at 3 yrs of age, his parents were
devastated. Although they did not want to bring
another infant to the world who might go under the
same suffering, they badly wanted a child.
PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
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Ultrasound Sonography
Brain Imaging Techniques
Chronic Villus sampling
Amniocentesis
Maternal Blood Screening
Fetal Sex Determination
INFERTILITY & REPRODUCTIVE
CHOICES
• Infertility
• 10-15 percent American couples
experience infertility
• This can be corrected by:
• In vitro fertilization
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M
bz2OxZPKnE
• Adoption
HEREDITY-ENVIRONMENT
INTERACTION
• Behavior genetics
• Twin Study
• Adoption study
• Passive genotypeenvironment correlation
• Evocative genotypeenvironment correlation
• Active (niche-picking)
genotype-environment
correlations
HEREDITY-ENVIRONMENT
INTERACTION
• Shared environmental experiences
• Nonshared environmental experiences
• Epigenetic view
• Gene x Environment (G x E) Interaction