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Common Name: Sugar Maple Scientific Name: Acer sacharum Family Aceraceae Uses Syrup, sugar, water. The sap can serve as good drinking water in areas where water is contaminated. Boil sap slowly to produce syrup (it takes 30-40 gallons of sap to produce one gallon of syrup). Further boiling produces sugar. Description Growth form: Large tree. Leaves: 9-14cm (3.5-5.5in) long, opposite, usually with 5 palmate lobes, each with a few long teeth. Edges do not droop. Flowers: small and yellow-green. Hang in clusters. Fruits: 2.5-3cm (1-1.25in) and paired. Seed is roundish, with long wing. Brown. Maturing June through September. Buds: Pointed and brown. Bark: Grayish, with deep vertical ridges. Habitat Forest and woodlands on mesic soils in valleys and uplands. Range Manitoba to Newfoundland, south to North Carolina and Kansas. Some disjunct populations in Texas, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina. Season Sap should be collected in early spring, when daytime temperatures are above freezing and nighttime temperatures are below. Fun Facts Other names include hard maple, rock maple Each tree can produce between 5 and 60 gallons of sap each year. Sugar maples are also important commercial as lumber for furniture, crates, veneers. The process of syrup making was learned by English colonists from Native American tribes in New England. Some tribes may have also boiled the seeds and made a kind of flour by pounding the dried inner bark.