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electrical insulators of any material
Electrical Insulators of Glass
Electrical Insulators of Ceramics
Other Electrical Insulators
American Standards
IEEE 957-2005, Guide for Cleaning
Insulators
Documents the procedures used for cleaning
contaminated electrical insulators (excluding
nuclear, toxic and hazardous chemical
contaminants) using varied equipment and
techniques.
IEEE C37.30-1997, Switches, Insulators
and Bus Supports, Definitions and
Requirements for High-Voltage Air
Applies to all high-voltage enclosed indoor or
outdoor, and nonenclosed indoor or outdoor
switches rated in excess of 1000 V.
ANSI C29.1-1988 (R2002), Electrical Power
Insulators, Test Methods for
Covers test methods to be followed in making
tests to determine the characteristics of
wet-process procelain electrical power
insulators.
ANSI C29.10-1989 (R2002), Wet-Process
Porcelain Insulators – Indoor Apparatus
Type
Covers high-voltage indoor-apparatus
insulators made of wet-process porcelain and
used in the transmission and distribution of
electrical energy
ANSI C29.12-1997 (R2002), Insulators –
Composite – Suspension Type
Covers composite suspension insulators made
of fibreglass-reinforced resin rod core, polymer
material weathersheds, and metal end fittings
intended for use on overhead transmission
lines for electric power systems, 70 kV and
above.
ANSI C29.13-2000, Insulators - Composite
Distribution Deaded Type
Covers composite distribution deadend
insulators made of a fiberglass-reinforced resin
matrix core, polymer material weathersheds,
and metal end fittings intended for use on
overhead lines for electric power systems, 69
kV and below. Mechanical and electrical
performance levels specified herein are
requirements for new insulators.
ANSI C29.17-2001, Insulators Composite-Line Post Type
Describes the qualification test procedures for
composite line post insulators that are made of
a fiberglass-reinforced resin matrix core,
elastomeric weathersheds and metal end
fittings. The insulators are intended for use on
overhead lines in electric power systems, 70kV
and above. Mechanical and electrical
performance levels specified in this standard
are applicable to new insulators.
ANSI C29.18-2003, Insulators Composite Distribution Line Post Type
Covers composite distribution line post
insulators made of a fiberglass-reinforced resin
matrix core, elastomeric material
weathersheds, and metal end fittings designed
for use on overhead lines for electric power
systems, 69 kV and below. Mechanical and
electrical performance levels specified herein
are requirements for new insulators.
ANSI C29.2-1992 (R1999), Insulators –
Wet-Process Porcelain and Toughened
Glass – Suspension Type
Covers suspension-type insulators, 4-1/4
inches (108 millimeters) in diameter or larger,
made of wet-process porcelain or of toughened
glass and used in the transmission and
distribution of electrical energy.
ANSI C29.3-1986 (R2002), Wet-Process
Porcelain Insulators (Spool Type)
Covers spool-type insulators made of
wet-process porcelain and used in the
transmission and distribution of electrical
energy
ANSI C29.4-1989 (R2002), Wet-Process
Porcelain Insulators – Strain Type
Covers strain-type insulators made of
wet-process porcelain and used in the
transmission and distribution of electrical
energy
ANSI C29.5-1984 (R2002), Wet-Process
Porcelain Insulators, Low- and
Medium-Voltage Pin Type
Covers low and medium-voltage-type insulators
made of wet-process porcelain and used in the
transmission and distribution of electrical
energy
ANSI C29.6-1996 (R2002), Wet-Process
Porcelain Insulators - High-Voltage Pin
Type
Covers materials, dimensions, physical
characteristics, and testing information for high
voltage pin insulators made of wet process
porcelain and used in the transmission and
distribution of energy
ANSI C29.7-1996 (R2002), Wet-Process Porcelain Insulators - High-Voltage
Line-Post Type
Covers materials, dimensions, physical
characteristics, and testing information for
high-voltage line-post type insulators made of
wet process porcelain and used in the
transmission and distribution of energy
ANSI C29.8-1985 (R2002), Wet-Process
Porcelain Insulators (Apparatus, Cap and
Pin Type)
Covers high-voltage cap-and-pin-type
apparatus insulators made of wet-process
porcelain and used in the transmission and
distribution of electrical energy
ANSI C29.9-1983 (R2002), Wet-Process
Porcelain Insulators (Apparatus, Post
Type)
Covers outdoor high-voltage post-type
apparatus insulators made of wet-process
porcelain and used in the transmission and
distribution of electrical energy
International Standards
IEC
IEC 60050-471 Ed. 1.0 t:1984 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. Chapter
471: Insulators
IEC 60168 Amd.1 Ed. 4.0 b:1997 Amendment 1 - Tests on indoor and outdoor post
insulators of ceramic material or glass for systems
with nominal voltages greater than 1000 V
IEC 60168 Amd.2 Ed. 4.0 b:2000 Amendment 2 - Tests on indoor and outdoor post
insulators of ceramic material or glass for systems
with nominal voltages greater than 1000 V
IEC 60168 Ed. 4.2 b:2001 Tests on indoor and outdoor post insulators of
ceramic material or glass for systems with
nominal voltages greater than 1000 V
"Applies to post insulators and post insulator units of ceramic
material or glass for indoor and outdoor service in electrical
installations or equipment operating on alternating current with
a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not
greater than 100 Hz. Notes: -May also be regarded as a
provisional standard for insulators for use on d.c. systems, see
IEC 60438. -When considering hollow insulators, see IEC
60233. -Tests on indoor post insulators of organic material will
be covered by a future publication: Tests on indoor post
insulators of organic material for systems with nominal
voltages greater than 1 000 V up to but not including 300 kV.
-For artificial pollution and radio-interference tests, see IEC
60437 and 60507. -For numerical values for insulator
characteristics and for selection of insulators for specific
operating conditions, see IEC 60273. "
IEC 60273 Ed. 3.0 b:1990 Characteristic of indoor and outdoor post
insulators for systems with nominal voltages
greater than 1000 V
" Applies to post insulators and post insulator units of ceramic
material or glass intended for indoor or outdoor service, and to
post insulators of organic material intended for indoor service
in electrical installations or equipment operating on alternating
current systems with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V
and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It may also be
regarded as a provisional standard for insulators for use on
direct current systems. "
IEC 60305 Ed. 4.0 b:1995 Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal
voltage above 1000 V - Ceramic or glass insulator
units for a.c. systems - Characteristics of insulator
units of the cap and pin type
"Applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin type with
insulating parts of ceramic material or glass, intended for a.c.
overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V
and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz and to insulators of
similar design used in substations. "
IEC 60383-1 Ed. 4.0 b:1993 "Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal
voltage above 1000 V - Part 1: Ceramic or glass
insulator units for a.c. systems - Definitions, test
methods and acceptance criteria"
"Applies to insulators of ceramic material or glass for use on
a.c. overhead power lines with a nominal voltage greater than
1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. Also applies
to insulators for use on d.c. overhead electric traction lines and
applies to string insulator units, rigid overhead line insulators
and to insulators of similar design when used in substations. "
IEC 60383-2 Ed. 1.0 b:1993 "Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal
voltage above 1000 V - Part 2: Insulator strings
and insulator sets for a.c. systems - Definitions,
test methods and acceptance criteria"
Applies to insulator strings and insulator sets comprising string
insulator units of ceramic material or glass for use on a.c.
overhead power lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1
000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. This part of
IEC 60383 also applies to insulator strings and insulator sets
for use on d.c. overhead electric traction lines. This part of IEC
60383 also applies to insulator strings and insulator sets of
similar design when used in substations.
IEC 60433 Ed. 3.0 b:1998 Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal
voltage above 1 000 V - Ceramic insulators for a.c.
systems - Characteristics of insulator units of the
long rod type
"Prescribes specified values for the electrical and mechanical
characteristics and for the principal dimensions of string
insulator units of the long rod type with insulating parts of
ceramic material intended for a.c. overhead lines with a
nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not
greater than 100 Hz. It is also applicable to insulators of
similar design, used in substations. Applies also to string
insulator units: -of the long rod type either with a clevis at both
ends for coupling with a tongue, or with a socket at both ends
for coupling with a pin ball -with external metal fittings -for use
on overhead lines situated in slightly polluted areas, and the
creepage distances given in Tables I and II have been
established accordingly -and insulators of similar design, used
in substations. This standard may be regarded as a
provisional standard for insulators for d.c. overhead lines.
Note -For general definitions and methods of tests see IEC
60383. -For dimensions of clevis and tongue couplings of
string insulator units, see IEC 60471. -For dimensions of
ball and socket couplings of string insulator units, see IEC
60120. "
IEC 60437 Ed. 2.0 b:1997 Radio interference test on high-voltage insulators "Specifies the procedure for a
radio interference (RI) test
carried out in a laboratory on clean and dry insulators at a
frequency of 0,5 MHz or 1 MHz or, alternatively, at other
frequencies between 0,5 MHz and 2 MHz."
IEC 60507 Ed. 2.0 b:1991 Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators
to be used on a.c. systems
"Is applicable for the determination of the power frequency
withstand characteristics of ceramic and glass insulators to be
used outdoors and exposed to polluted atmospheres, on a.c.
systems with the highest voltage of the system ranging from 1
000 V up to 765 kV. These tests are not directly applicable to
greased insulators or to special types of insulators (insulators
with conductive glaze or covered with any organic insulating
material). "
IEC 60660 Ed. 2.0 b:1999 Insulators - Tests on indoor post insulators of
organic material for systems with nominal voltages
greater than 1 000 V up to but not including 300
kV
"Applicable to post insulators of organic material for indoor
service in electrical installations or equipment operating in air
at atmospheric pressure on alternating current with a nominal
voltage greater than 1 000 V up, but not including, 300 kV, as
defined by range I of IEC 60071-1, and a frequency not greater
than 100 Hz. Composite insulators are not covered by this
standard. "
IEC 60720 Ed. 1.0 b:1981 Characteristics of line post insulators Applies to line post insulators with insulating
parts of ceramic
material intended for a.c. overhead lines with a nominal
voltage higher than 1 000 V and a frequency not higher than
100 Hz.
IEC 61109 Amd.1 Ed. 1.0 b:1995 "Amendment 1 - Composite insulators for a.c.
overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than
1000 V - Definitions, test methods and acceptance
criteria"
IEC 61211 Ed. 2.0 b:2004 Insulators of ceramic material or glass for
overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than
1 000 V - Impulse puncture testing in air
"Deals with impulse puncture testing in air of ceramic and
glass insulator units of class B: cap and pin, pin type (including
pin-post type) and class B long rod insulators. May be applied
also in tests on Class B insulators of other materials (e.g.
polymers and composites). However, it may be useful to
consider the possible need to adjust the test procedure
accordingly."
IEC 61325 Ed. 1.0 b:1995 "Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal
voltage above 1000 V - Ceramic or glass insulator
units for d.c. systems - Definitions, test methods
and acceptance criteria"
Is applicable to string insulator units of ceramic material or
glass for use on d.c. overhead power lines with a nominal
voltage greater than 1 000 V. This standard specifies: -the
characteristics of insulators; -the conditions under which the
specified values of these characteristics shall be verified;
-acceptance criteria
IEC 61952 Ed. 1.0 b:2002 Insulators for overhead lines - Composite line post
insulators for a.c. with a nominal voltage greater
than 1000 V
"Applies to composite line post insulators consisting of a
load-bearing, cylindrical, insulating solid core made up of fibres
- usually glass - in a resin-based matrix, a housing (outside the
insulating core) made of elastomer material (e.g. silicone or
ethylene-propylene) and end fittings permanently attached to
the insulating core. The object of this standard is to - define
the terms used, - prescribe test methods, - prescribe
acceptance or failure criteria This standard does not include
requirements dealing with the choice of insulators for specific
operating conditions."
IEC 62155 Ed. 1.0 b:2003 Hollow pressurized and unpressurized ceramic
and glass insulators for use in electrical equipment
with rated voltages greater than 1 000 V
"Applicable to ceramic and glass hollow insulators intended for
general use in electrical equipment and ceramic hollow
insulators intended for use with a permanent gas pressure in
switchgear and controlgear. These insulators are intended for
indoor and outdoor use in electrical equipment, operating on
alternating current with a rated voltage greater than 1 000 V
and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz or for use in
direct-current equipment with a rated voltage of greater than 1
500 V."
IEC 62217 Ed. 1.0 en:2005 "Polymeric insulators for indoor and outdoor use
with a nominal voltage > 1 000 V - General
definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria"
This International Standard is applicable to polymeric
insulators whose insulating body consists of one or various
organic materials. Polymeric insulators covered by this
standard include both solid core and hollow insulators. They
are intended for use on overhead lines and in indoor and
outdoor equipment with a rated voltage greater than 1 000 V.
IEC 62231 Ed. 1.0 b:2006 "Composite station post insulators for substations
with a.c. voltages greater than 1 000 V up to 245
kV - Definitions, test methods and acceptance
criteria"
"This International Standard applies to composite station post
insulators consisting of a load bearing cylindrical insulating
solid core made of resin impregnated fibres, a housing
(outside the insulating solid core) made of elastomer material
(e.g. silicone or ethylene-propylene) and end fittings attached
to the insulating core. Composite station post insulators
covered by this standard are subjected to cantilever, torsion,
tension and compression loads. They are intended for
substations with a.c. voltages greater than 1 000 V up to 245
kV. "
IEC/TS 61245 Ed. 1.0 b:1993 Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators
to be used on d.c. systems
"Applies to the determination of the withstand characteristics of
ceramic and glass insulators to be used outdoors and exposed
to polluted atmospheres, on d.c. systems with voltages from ¦
1 000 V up to ¦ 600 kV. Has the status of a technical report,
type 2. "
IEC/TS 61462 Ed. 1.0 b:1998 "Composite insulators - Hollow insulators for use
in outdoor and indoor electrical equipment Definitions, test methods, acceptance criteria and
design recommendations "
"Applies to composite hollow insulators consisting of a load
bearing insulating tube made of resin impregnated fibres, a
housing (outside the insulating tube) made of elastomeric
material (for example silicone or ethylene-propylene) and
metal fixing devices at the ends of the insulating tube.
Composite hollow insulators as defined in this report are
intended to be used under conditions involving internal
pressure or free of pressure. They are intended for use in
outdoor or indoor electrical equipment operating on alternating
current with a rated voltage greater than 1 000 V and a
frequency not greater than 100 Hz or for use in direct current
equipment with a rated voltage greater than 1 500 V."
IEC/TS 61467 Ed. 1.0 b:1997 Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal
voltage above 1000 V - A.C. power arc tests on
insulator sets
"Applies to insulator sets comprising string insulator units of
ceramic material, glass or composite material for use on
overhead lines and traction lines with a nominal voltage above
1000 V and a frequency between 15 Hz and 100 Hz. This
Technical Report also applies to insulator sets of similar
design used in sub-stations. "