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Economic Issues Devastation of economies from war Great Depression inflation; inability to repay loans Political Unrest Fear of Communism Rise of right wing dictators Germany War Guilt Reparations Decreased military Overall feeling of resentment by German people The overall economic turmoil and depression of European nations allowed for the rise of new political leaders dictators Totalitarian – complete and total control over all aspects of daily life. Commonly ruled through fear and violence Joseph Stalin Soviet Union Benito Mussolini Italy Adolf Hitler Germany Hideki Tojo Japan Joseph Stalin came to power in the newly communist USSR (or Soviet Union) after the death of Lenin. Stalin’s Soviet Union Communist Push for industrial growth Acted as totalitarian dictator – controlled aspects of daily life Silenced and even killed any who spoke against him On the opposite end of the political spectrum from communism is the political ideology known as….Fascism Fascism- a system of government in which the glory and will of the state is held above all other things (even the individual) Little rights or concerns towards individuals. Mussolini rose through Italian politics after World War I. His vision- strong and orderly Italy – appealed to most Italians Blamed Communists and Socialists for all problems Promised a return to greatness – like the Roman Empire He gained wide support, why? Mussolini in action Allowed no political opposition Controlled newspapers, schools, businesses, etc. As a young adult, joined the Nazi party in Germany His vision Party attracted many unhappy with German conditions after WWI After an unsuccessful revolt, ordered to prison Stressed nationalism and devotion to state Dreamed of uniting all Germans into a greater German empire Racial superiority of Germanic peoples (Aryans) Rise to Power 1933- Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany Gained support and was able to acquire full power Immediately began taking action to restore Germany to greatness… Italy In 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia In an effort to establish a new Italian empire Ethiopian emperor pleaded to the League of Nations (collection of European nations) to help League criticized Mussolini, but just asked that he maintain Ethiopian independence. Lack of true economic sanctions allowed Mussolini to have his way Japan By the 1930s, Japan was eager to acquire an empire like most of the European nations In 1931, Japan invaded the Chinese province of Manchuria – wanted their resources League strongly criticized Japan In return, Japan simply left the League and ignored their criticism After Hitler took power, he took immediate action to restore German greatness Re-built the German military (especially Navy- was granted permission to do so..) Sent troops into demilitarized zone of the Rhineland Both direct violations of Treaty of Versailles Actions Austria: 1938, Hitler sent troops into neighboring country of Austria to join it with Germany Sudetenland: German speaking region of neighboring country of Czechoslovakia Pushed Germans in the region to protest Czech rule and threatened military action. Appeasement: a strategy in which nations gave in to Hitler’s demands in the hopes of avoiding war This was decided upon at the Munich Conference by British and French leaders (with American support) Hitler and Czechoslovakia Leaders allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland if he promised to not touch the rest of the nation March 1939- Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia After the issue in Czechoslovakia, Hitler realized no one could stop him… Invasion of Poland September 1, 1939: Hitler began his invasion of new country Poland. Using his blitzkrieg tactic, Poland was no match and quickly fell Problem- British and French had declared support to Poland War Declared 2 days after invasion on September 3, 1939- British and French declared war on Germany. World War II officially began Germany Britain Italy France Japan USSR USA