Download Topic : Ebola Fever

Topic : Ebola Fever
Name : Muhammad Habib Bin Ismail
Period : 3rd
H/R : A642
What is Ebola Fever Disease ?
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Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola HF) is a severe,
often-fatal disease in humans and nonhuman
primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees)
that has appeared sporadically since its initial
recognition in 1976.
What is the Vector that transmits the
disease ?
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A vector-borne disease is one in which the
pathogenic microorganism is transmitted from an
infected individual to another individual by an
arthropod or other agent, sometimes with other
animals serving as intermediary hosts. The
transmission depends upon the attributes and
requirements of at least three different living
organisms: the pathologic agent, either a virus,
protozoa, bacteria, or helminth (worm); the vector,
which are commonly arthropods such as ticks or
mosquitoes; and the human host
How is it transmitted from animal to
human ?
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Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever is a zoonotic
disease transmitted to humans by direct
contact with infected live or dead animals, and
more specifically with their body fluid.
What are early symptoms of the Ebola
Fever ?
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The incubation period for Ebola HF ranges
from 2 to 21 days. The onset of illness is
abrupt and is characterized by fever,
headache, joint and muscle aches, sore
throat, and weakness, followed by diarrhea,
vomiting, and stomach pain. A rash, red eyes,
hiccups and internal and external bleeding
may be seen in some patients.
Picture of Ebola Symptoms
What are the late stage symptoms of
Ebola Fever ?
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Late symptoms include:
Bleeding from eyes, ears, and nose
Bleeding from the mouth and rectum
(gastrointestinal bleeding)
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Depression
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Eye swelling (conjunctivitis)
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Genital swelling (labia and scrotum)
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Increased feeling of pain in the skin
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Rash over the entire body that often
contains blood (hemorrhagic)
Roof of mouth looks red
What causes Ebola Fever ?
Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola fever) is caused by a
virus belonging to the family called Filoviridae.
Scientists have identified five types of Ebola virus.
Three have been reported to cause disease in
humans: Ebola-Zaire virus, Ebola-Sudan virus, and
Ebola-Ivory Coast virus. The human disease has so
far been limited to parts of Africa.
The Reston type of Ebola virus has recently been found
in the Philippines.
The disease can be passed to humans from infected
animals and animal materials. Ebola can also be
spread between humans by close contact with
infected body fluids or through infected needles in the
hospital
Does it affect to children / adult or both?
Ebola does not affect children differently than
adults. Ebola is a deadly virus that is highly
contagious when a person is exposed to other
people who are infected. Up to 90% of people
who are infected with the virus may die from it,
but data does not indicate that age is a factor
in the severity of the illness.
Is there any Vaccine for this disease ?
Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a highly
contagious disease that causes death in
up to 90 percent of those infected with the
virus. Furthermore, there is no treatment
that will cure the infection once it begins;
therefore, preventing the spread of the
virus is crucial to containing outbreaks.
This is one reason why research scientists
are actively studying a possible Ebola
vaccine.
Where is Ebola virus found in nature ?
The exact origin, locations, and natural habitat (known
as the "natural reservoir") of Ebola virus remain
unknown. However, on the basis of available
evidence and the nature of similar viruses,
researchers believe that the virus is zoonotic (animalborne) and is normally maintained in an animal host
that is native to the African continent. A similar host is
probably associated with Ebola-Reston isolated from
infected cynomolgous monkeys that were imported to
the United States and Italy from the Philippines. The
virus is not known to be native to other continents,
such as North America.
How Ebola virus spread ?
Infection with Ebola virus in humans is incidental
humans do not "carry" the virus. Because the natural
reservoir of the virus is unknown, the manner in
which the virus first appears in a human at the start
of an outbreak has not been determined. However,
researchers have hypothesized that the first patient
becomes infected through contact with an infected
animal.
Ebola Fever Victims
Treatment for Ebola fever
Treatments for Ebola may include:
 Oxygen and devices that help with breathing
 Antibiotics to prevent secondary infections from bacte
 Medications to control fever, help the blood clot, and
 Intravenous (IV) fluids to maintain fluids and electroly
 Good nursing care.
Can treatment kill Ebola virus ?
Treatments cannot kill the virus that
causes Ebola; instead, they focus on
providing relief of the symptoms.
These options can include oxygen, IV
fluids, good nursing care, antibiotics,
and other medications. Even when
these Ebola treatments are
administered, death still occurs in 50
to 90 percent of cases.
The End
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All information and details I found in :
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http://health.nytimes.com/health