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Roman Study Guide Vocabulary Judges- the most important elected official of a tripartite government Roman 12 tables- Similar to the U.S. Constitution it gave rights to the citizens of Rome in a written form. Checks and Balances- a system to ensure one part of the government does not get to powerful Forum- center of life in Rome Tripartite- A government that has three political factions Peninsula- a geographic term that means land with water on three sides Senate-Elected officials (for life) that create new laws in Rome. Usually rich nobles Republic- A type of government where people have the power Dictator- A military leader with absolute power Veto- to prohibit Latin- Roman language Legions- group of 6,000 soldiers Pax Romana- Time of Peace in Rome Aqueduct- Roman technology designed to keep water safe and deliver it to the city. Romance Language- French, Italian, Spanish they were all originated from Latin Civil Law- The law of the people Crucifixion- the Roman way of punishing people to death Resurrection- To rise from death Corruption-abandoning morals and values to gain personal interest over public interest Byzantine Empire- Empire east of the Roman empire and one of the last areas taken over by the Romans Roman Roads- structure of roads built in order to provide a means of fast and reliable transportation for Roman soldiers. Roman Gods- Were the same gods as the Greek, with different names. They explained the natural occurring events in the world. Judaism-Jewish religion, which originated in Judea Christianity –religion that gain popularity after Jesus death, by spreading the life stories of Jesus of Nazareth People Cicero-A person who wanted to give power back to the senate Julius Caesar-General, senate, consuls, emperor, dictator for life that was murdered by his friends because he had gained too much power. Marc Antony- Julius Caesar’s former assistant that teamed up with Octavian to revenge Caesars’ death. Augustus (Octavian) - Step son of Caesar, who gain popularity by giving the power back to Roman Senate Jesus of Nazareth-A Jewish Carpenter, believed to be the son of GOD, who is the Icon or symbol of Christianity. Paul of Tarsus-The Apostle responsible for most of the Book of Romans Constantine- The emperor that split the empire in two, and moved the eastern capital to Constantinople Justinian and Theodora-The Last emperor of Rome, responsible for rebuilding the empire around the Mediterranean Sea. Apostles (Luke, Mark, Matt, John, Etc...)- Followers of Jesus Aeneas- where Roman founder’s descended from. Hannibal-Carthage general who went to battle with Rome in 218 BC Tiberius Gracchus-Was a tribune that tried to take land from the wealthy and give to the poor, which angered many rich. Gaius Gracchus- Was the brother of Tiberius Gracchus and he encouraged the poor to join the army in order to live better lives, which angered the wealthy. Goths- received payments from the Romans so they would not invade. Lucius Cornelius Sulla- Won a civil war, named himself dictator and punished his enemies. Spartacus- Slave turned gladiator who led a revolt that lasted many years against Roman forces Romulus and Remus- credited with founding Rome and naming it, they were twin brothers. Plebeians- Common people of Rome Patricians –Rich and powerful people of Rome. Consuls – Two most powerful magistrates in Rome. Vandals – Outside invaders that caused many problems for Rome.