Download Timeline for Chapter 2

HISTORICAL TIMELINE
211
Timeline for Chapter 2
BC
The republic
509
496
494
451/450
443
439
409
390
367
356
351
340
338
327–290
321
312
310
308
283
280–275
272
265
264
264–241
260
241
239–237
237
Establishment of the republic. First consuls.
Dedication of Temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline
Hill.
Romans defeat Latins at Lake Regillus.
Traditional date for the institution of the office of
tribune of the people.
The Twelve Tables.
First censors.
The murder of Spurius Maelius.
First plebeian quaestor.
Gauls sack Rome, but withdraw in return for ransom.
First plebeian consul elected. Creation of praetorship.
First plebeian dictator.
First plebeian censor.
War against Latins.
Latin league of states dissolved. Campania becomes
Roman.
Samnite wars.
Disaster at Caudine Forks.
Appius Claudius Caecus constructs the Via Appia and
the Aqua Appia.
Roman inroads into Etruria.
Surrender of Umbria.
Final capitulation of Etruscans.
Pyrrhus leads Greek cities in south of Italy against
Rome.
Surrender of Tarentum and other Greek cities in
south.
Rome now holds all Italy south of the Arno.
First show in Rome with gladiators.
First Punic War.
Gaius Duilius wins Rome’s first naval victory at
Mylae.
Western Sicily becomes first Roman province.
Rome annexes Corsica and Sardinia.
Hamilcar overruns southern Spain.
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
227
221
219
218–202
218
217
216
211–206
202
197
191
184
167
167–160
153
149–146
146
144
133
123–122
121
112–106
107
105
102–101
100
91–88
88
212
All Sicily and Sardinia with Corsica become
provinces.
Hannibal assumes command of Carthaginian forces.
Hannibal captures Saguntum.
Second Punic War.
Hannibal invades Italy
Hannibal defeats Romans at Lake Trasimene.
Hannibal defeats Romans at Cannae.
Scipio’s campaigns in Spain.
P. Cornelius Scipio (soon to be Africanus) wins the
Battle of Zama.
Spain annexed and divided into two provinces.
Rome completes conquest of Cisalpine Gaul.
Cato elected censor, having been consul in 195.
End of third war against Macedonia, which is divided
into four self-governing regions.
Maccabaean revolt in Judaea.
Roman year begins on 1 January.
Third Punic War.
Destruction of Carthage and Corinth. Province of
Africa established.
Dedication of temples to Hercules Victor by Lucius
Mummius Achaicus
Tiberius Gracchus is tribune of the people. Pergamum
bequeathed to Rome and in 129 becomes the province
of Asia.
Gaius Gracchus is tribune of the people.
Transalpine Gaul becomes a province.
Wars against Jugurtha.
First consulship of Marius.
Cimbri destroy two Roman armies in Gaul.
Marius defeats Teutones and Cimbri.
Sixth consulship of Marius.
Social War between Rome and Italian allies, who are
effectively tired of fighting for Rome without being
treated as Roman citizens. The allies lose the war but
make their point.
First consulship of Sulla, who is assigned the
command against Mithridates VI, king of Pontus.
Motion by P. Sulpicius Rufus, tribune of the people,
to appoint Marius in Sulla’s place. Sulla marches on
Rome, his consular colleague is killed, and Marius is
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
87
86
85
84
83
82
80
78
213
outlawed. Mithridates massacres Roman citizens in
Asia. Sulla departs for the East with his army.
The consul Cornelius Cinna is deposed and driven out
of Rome by his consular colleague, Gnaeus Octavius.
Marius and Cinna capture Rome and massacre all
opposition. They are elected consuls for 86.
Seventh consulship of Marius (who dies 13 January)
and second of Cinna.
Third consulship of Cinna and first of Papirius Carbo.
Sulla agrees peace terms with Mithridates.
Fourth consulship of Cinna and second of Carbo.
Cinna is murdered by his soldiers while crossing to
Asia to confront Sulla.
Sulla lands in Italy, and is joined by Crassus and
Pompey.
Consuls are Gaius Marius Junior and Carbo. Sulla
defeats opposition forces. Marius commits suicide.
Sulla proclaimed dictator. Proscriptions.
Constitutional reforms.
Sulla resigns as dictator and goes into retirement.
Death of Sulla. The beginning of the end of the
republic.
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
214
Transition
74 Bithynia and Cyrenaica become provinces.
73–71 Slave revolt of Spartacus.
70 First consulship of Pompey and Crassus. Trial of Verres by Cicero.
67 Pompey crushes the pirates.
66–63 Pompey, given exceptional powers in the east, defeats Mithridates and reorganizes the
region. End of the Seleucid empire. Syria, including Judaea until 40 BC, is made a province.
63 Consulship of Cicero. Conspiracy of Catiline. Caesar is elected pontifex maximus. Birth of Caesar’s
great-nephew, the future Augustus.
60 ‘First Triumvirate’ of Caesar, Crassus, Pompey.