Download Body Systems Unit Review

Body Systems Unit ReviewVocabulary
Lesson 1
Skeletal system – made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue
Marrow – soft tissue in the center of some bones
Joint – the point where two bones meet
Cartilage – strong gel like tissue that cushions your joints
Tendons –tough bands of tissue that attach your muscles to bones
Ligaments-cordlike tissue that connect the bones in each joint
Joints
Hinge – elbow knee; gliding wrists and ankles; pivot- neck and head; -hips and shoulders; balland-socket
Problems: fractures (breaks), dislocation, sprain, overuse injuries, scoliosis osteoporosis
Lesson 2
Muscular system- group of structures that give body parts the power to move
Skeletal muscles-muscles attached to bones that enable you to move
This is the largest part of the muscular system (more than 600 muscles)
Smooth muscles-these are found in organs, blood vessels and glands
Cardiac muscles-only found in the walls of your heart
Problems: muscle strain (small tears), sore muscles muscular Dystrophy is a serious disease
that some people get – it is hereditary
Know some of the more common muscles ie: deltoids, biceps, triceps, gluts, lats, hamstrings
Achilles tendon quads, trapezoids
Lesson 3
Circulatory system-group of organs and tissues that move essential supplies to body cells and
remove their waste products
Cell respiration-process where the cells are nourished and energized
Arteries – carry blood away from the heart
Veins – carry blood from the body back to the heart
Capillaries- connect the veins and arteries to the body’s cells
Problems: hypertension, heart attack, stroke, arteriosclerosis. anemia, leukemia
Lesson 4
Respiratory System-organs that supply the body with constant oxygen/ rids the body of carbon
dioxide
Respiration-exchange of gases between your body and air: two types a) external is between
blood and air, b) internal is exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body
Bronchi- passage through which air enters the lungs
Alveoli-tiny air sacs
Diaphragm-dome-shaped muscle that separates the lungs form the agcomen
Asthma-serious chronic condition that causes tiny air passages to become narrow or blocked
(most common)
Common problems: asthma(most common) others are bronchitis, TB, pneumonia and flu
Lesson 5
Nervous system-Your bodies message and control center
Central nervous system includes the brain and spine
Peripheral nervous system includes the nerves that connect the CNS to all parts of the body
Neurons-specialized nerve cells
Somatic system deals with action you control
Autonomic-deals with actions you do not control
Traumatic brain injury-the brain has been jarred and strikes the inside of the skull
Common problems: meningitis, brain tumor, epilepsy, MS
Lesson 6
Digestive system-converts fuel into useable energy
Digestion-process of changing food into material the body can use
Enzymes-proteins that affect the many body processes
Saliva-fluid made by the salivary glands that moistens and softens food
Small intestine –coiled tube-like organ about 20 feet long
Liver aids digestion-produces bile that breaks down fats one of the busiest organ – 2nd largest
organ
Gallbladder stores the bile and releases it into the small intestine
Pancreas produces additional digestive enzymes
Stomach temporarily stores the food
Colon or large intestine
Excretory system –waste removal
Kidneys filter water and dissolved wastes from the blood and helps maintain proper levels of
water and salts in the body.
Liquid=urine; solid waste=feces
Common problem heart burn others are gallstones and kidney, appendicitis, and
hemorrhoids
Lesson 7
Endocrine system – chemical communication system that controls many body functions
Gland-group of cells or an organ that secretes something
Pituitary gland – boss gland, master gland – tells other glands what to do
Adrenal glands – regulates salt and water balance, metabolism; produces adrenaline that
increases heart rate and blood pressure when the body experiences stress
Pituitary – stimulates the growth of bones and other body tissues
Thyroid gland regulates the rate at which cells urn fuel from food to produce energy
Common problem diabetes type 1 and 2