* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Immune System and Disease
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
Common cold wikipedia , lookup
Adoptive cell transfer wikipedia , lookup
Molecular mimicry wikipedia , lookup
Infection control wikipedia , lookup
Cancer immunotherapy wikipedia , lookup
Adaptive immune system wikipedia , lookup
Sociality and disease transmission wikipedia , lookup
Globalization and disease wikipedia , lookup
Immune system wikipedia , lookup
Childhood immunizations in the United States wikipedia , lookup
Germ theory of disease wikipedia , lookup
Polyclonal B cell response wikipedia , lookup
Immunosuppressive drug wikipedia , lookup
Transmission (medicine) wikipedia , lookup
Psychoneuroimmunology wikipedia , lookup
The Immune System and Disease I. Infectious Disease A. disease: 1. definition: 2. may be inherited (ex. hemophilia) 3. may be caused by materials in the environment (ex. cancer) 4. may be caused by _____________ (bacteria, viruses, fungi) B. agents of disease 1. bacteria destroy cells or release _____________________ 2. protists, fungi, and worms are parasites 3. viruses use a host cell to make copies of the viral DNA C. diseases are spread through coughing, sneezing, physical contact, contaminated water/food, or infected animals 1. ________: animals that carry disease-causing organism from person to person 2. sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s): passed through sexual contact D. Fighting infections 1. prevention/avoidance 2. _______________: compounds that kill bacteria without harming the cells of animals by interfering with the cellular processes of the bacteria 3. ________________: injection of weakened or killed pathogens II. The Immune System A. Nonspecific defenses – ____________________________________ 1. first line of defense i. few microbes can penetrate the dead cells of the ______________ ii. oil and sweat create an ________ environment that kills bacteria iii. mucus in nose and throat trap __________ iv. cilia in throat push viruses away from the lungs v. stomach acid and digestive enzymes destroy _____________ vi. mucus, saliva, sweat, and tears contain ______________ that breaks down bacterial cell walls 2. __________________________ i. inflammatory response: - triggered when pathogens DO enter your body and release toxins - a reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection ii. blood vessels near the wound expand, and white blood cells (wbc) leak out to enter the infected tissues iii. ____________________(wbc) engulf and destroy bacteria iv. wbc’s are produced in large amounts to help fight infection v. body releases chemicals to increase temperature to kill pathogens = fever 3. ___________________: inhibit the synthesis of viral proteins and help block viral replication B. Specific defenses = immune response 1. ______________: substance that triggers an immune response 2. humoral response: immunity against pathogens in the body fluids i. __________________ (wbc) called B cells produce antibodies, proteins that destroy pathogens ii. phagocytes are attracted to the antibody-antigen cluster