Download Name Pd. Date History Alive Chapter 33 The Age of Exploration

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History Alive Chapter 33
The Age of Exploration
Comprehension/Critical Thinking questions:
33.1
Introduction
1. Over what period of time did European exploration flourish?
2. What term did Europeans use to refer to Asia?
33.2
Reasons for the Age of Exploration
1. Why was overland trade so difficult and costly in the 1400’s?
2. Describe the three main reasons for the high interest Europeans had to explore, particularly by sea.
a. Sum up each of these reasons in one word. You will have three words total.
3. How did exploration and cartographers change Europeans’ view of the world?
4. Describe two other technological advances that made more extensive exploration possible.
33.3
Portugal
1. Why was Prince Henry the Navigator so important to Portuguese exploration, even though he was not an
explorer himself?
2. How did Bartolomeu Dias’s efforts make Vasco da Gama’s exploration possible?
3. How did da Gama’s trip help the Portuguese economy?
4. Examine the following quote.
“…If we deprive them (Muslims) of their ancient market there, there does not remain for them a single port
in the whole of these parts, where they can carry on their trade in these things….I hold it as very certain
that if we take this trade of Malacca away out of their hands, Cairo and Mecca are entirely ruined, and to
Venice will no spiceries…(be)…conveyed except that which her merchants go and buy in Portugal.”
Afonso de Albuquerque
a. When he speaks of preventing Muslims of “their ancient markets there”, to what is he referring?
b. What does de Albuquerque mean when he says “to Venice will no spiceries…be conveyed except that
which her merchants go and buy from Portugal”?
c. Explain why Malacca is the key to Portugal’s trading success.
5. How did Cabral’s accidental discovery of present-day Brazil lead to the African slave trade?
33.4
Spain
1. What were Ferdinand and Isabella’s two primary motivations to fund Christopher Columbus?
2. Why did the Spanish call the native inhabitants of the discovered islands “Indians”?
3. What controversy developed as a result of Columbus’ four voyages?
4. How did Magellan respond to Columbus’ explorations?
a. What hardships did Magellan and his crew endure?
b. Define circumnavigate.
5. What were the benefits of Spanish settlement in the New World?
6. What were the drawbacks of Spanish settlement for native peoples?
33.5
Later Spanish Exploration and Conquest
1. What was Spain’s contract with conquistadors?
2. How did Cortes’ defeat of the Aztec empire encourage further exploration of the New World?
3. What were both the benefits and drawbacks of wealth from the Americas streaming into Spain?
Drawbacks 
Benefits 
33.6: European Exploration of North America
1. Of the three explorers noted: Cabot, de Verrazano, and Hudson, which do you feel generated the most
benefits for his country? Why do you say this?
2. How did English exploration lead to a war between England and Spain?
3. How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada upset the balance of power in Europe?
33.7 Impact of Exploration on European Economies
1. Describe capitalism. How did exploration cause a rapid growth of capitalism?
2. Describe market economy. What is the relationship between the supply of goods and demand for goods?
3. Describe mercantilism. How did this policy involve both the “mother country” (the nation setting up colonies)
and the colonies? Who benefited most?