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Transcript
Sharon Seidman, Ph.D. CAS 325A Nature vs. Nurture Phenotype vs Genotype Early emphasis on biology/maturation Still role for nurture/environment Prenatal Development 1 Sharon Seidman, Ph.D. CAS 325A Nature vs. Nurture Environment influences biology but Environmental influences limited by biology Canalization Reaction range Canalization Canalization Prenatal Development 2 Sharon Seidman, Ph.D. CAS 325A Canalization Physical Development Trends Cephalocaudal Proximodistal Increasing specialization Prenatal Development 3 Sharon Seidman, Ph.D. CAS 325A Prenatal Critical Period Chart Postnatal Trends Influences on Phenotype Developmental trends Maternal factors Age Parity Health Teratogens Prenatal Development 4 Sharon Seidman, Ph.D. CAS 325A Stress & Anxiety increases heart rate reduces blood flow to fetus correlated with post-natal & developmental problems Drugs Types: Illegal recreational drugs Legal recreational drugs “Over the counter” Effects Long term disabilities Short term influences Prenatal Diagnosis Genetic vs. Physical Information Prenatal Development 5 Sharon Seidman, Ph.D. CAS 325A Genetic Diagnosis Recommended if: Woman is over 35 Family history of genetic disorder Based on analysis of fetal cells Amniotic fluid Chorionic villi Amniocentesis CVS Prenatal Development 6 Sharon Seidman, Ph.D. CAS 325A Genetic Diagnosis Amniocentesis ½ oz. amniotic fluid During 14th week Results take 2 weeks May be safer CVS Cells from chorion During 8th week Results take 2 days May be riskier Physical Diagnosis Date pregnancy Ensure normal growth Recommended for everyone Utrasound Transducer Similar to radar Very common No known side effects Prenatal Development 7 Sharon Seidman, Ph.D. CAS 325A Early (2-3 mo) ultrasound Mid trimes ter Ul trasound Triple Screen Test Assess 3 chemicals in maternal blood Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Estriol Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), Purpose: Assesses spinal and neural openings May assess Down’s syndrome May assess multiple births Highly recommended by California mandates 5-10% false positives Prenatal Development 8 Sharon Seidman, Ph.D. CAS 325A Prenatal Diagnosis What to do with the information? Couple at Risk Decision Tree Condition Not Serious Risk Serious < 1:10 Possible Prenatal Diagnosis No Treatable? Yes > 1:10 No Avoid Pregnancy Prenatal Development Yes Abortion? No Yes Become Pregnant 9
