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Transcript
CSTS119: CULTURE AND CRISIS IN THE GOLDEN AGE OF ATHENS Study Guide for the Midterm exam THE MIDTERM WILL BE TAKE HOME AND DUE FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 4TH IT WILL HAVE 6 SECTIONS: 1) Map Identification: will include locations in Aegean, Attica, and/or Athens. 2) Chronology: matching/ordering/listing the dates of important people/events. 3) Multiple Choice: Sample Question: Which best describes the Krypteia: a) a style of tomb in the Kerameikos; b) the Spartan secret police; c) a code system developed by Histaeus; d) the knowledge gained when initiated into a Mystery Cult. 4) Fill-in-the-Blank: Sample Question: ______________ :: Enslaved by the Spartans, the economic production of this group of people permitted the Homoioi to focus on preparing for and fighting war. 5) Short Answer: in 3 or 4 sentences, explain the significance of people, places, and events. Sample Question: Areopagus: “Hill of Ares” in Athens between the Agora and Acropolis where homicide trials were held. Membership consisted of all former Archons. Before the democratic reforms of Ephialtes in c. 460 BCE, the Areopagus was effectively the governing body of Athens, with power to overrule legislation, arrest and punish without trial, audit officials, and determine who was fit to serve in public offices. 6) Essay: Essay: You will be asked to discuss 1 of the following topics: (a) The final phase of the Peloponnesian War saw a rise in oligarchic sentiment in Athens. Explain the reason for this move away from the radical democracy of the mid-fifth-century, who supported oligarchy, how it was implemented, and how and why it ultimately failed. (b) The plague that struck Athens early in the Peloponnesian War affected many aspects of Athenian culture and society. Describe the social effects of the plague—i.e. how Athenians and Athens were changed by the experiences of the Plague. (c) Describe the rise and influence of Sophistry or the “New Learning” on Athenian culture in the later fifth century. Be sure to describe the common elements of the Sophistic movement, as well as important differences among its major figures, and how the changes to education affected Athenian attitudes towards traditional aspects of their culture (politics, religion, etc.). (d) Herodotus may be the “Father of History” but it is more to Thucydides that modern historiography traces its lineage. Explain the differences in the aims, approaches, and methodologies between the two authors. You may want to consider to what extent their differences are influenced by the nature of the conflict they are investigating? (e) Was Athens’ defeat in the Peloponnesian War inevitable? Be sure to include (but not limit your discussion to) domestic factors in your discussion. (f) Describe the legal and social status of Athenian women. Be sure to mention the differences between citizen and non-citizen women, as well as the challenges historians face in investigating the lives of women in ancient Athens. WHAT TO KNOW: • Be confident that you can describe the development of Athens from an afterthought in the Archaic period to a preeminent power by the middle of the fifth century. • Know the important social and political developments that contributed to (and resulted from) Athens’ rise. • Be confident that you can describe the rise and fall of Athens’ Empire, how it happened, and the social and cultural effects of the events of the last half of the fifth century. • Be able to explain how Athenian religion, democracy, education, and other institutions evolved or influenced the course of events during this period. • Know the basic stories and characters from the literary and historical works we have examined. Be able to discuss and support such discussions with specifics. • Be able to explain how Athenian courts or religion or democracy or other institutions differ from their modern counterparts and what made Athens distinctive in its own time. The following lists survey most (but not necessarily all) of the important characters, concepts, and events from which exam questions will be drawn. Note that some items appear multiple times. The items in the list are written in three different sizes that indicate how much you should know about the event: • Alpha Tier: you should be able to discuss these items at length, how they connect to other people, events, and concepts you have learned about. • Beta Tier: you should be able to describe the importance of these items in a few sentences. • Gamma Tier: you should be able to identify items on this level, usually in reference to more important concepts, works, events, etc. (e.g. “a character in a speech by Lysias; a battle in the first phase of the Peloponnesian War”) EVENTS: Know the Dates and Significance of... Cylonian Conspiracy & Curse of the Alcmaeonids Reforms of Draco Solon’s Archonship Peace of Nicias Sicilian Expedition Mutilation of the Hermes Ionian or Decelean War Peisistratus’ Tyranny Fortification of Decelea Assassination of Hipparchus Cleisthenes’ Reforms Oligarchic Revolutions of 411/410 Ionian Revolt Trial of the Arginusae Generals Destruction of the Long Walls Persian War Darius’ Invasion Xerxes’ Invasion Burning of Athens (“Wooden Wall”) Rule of the Thirty Restoration of Democracy (403) Battles of.... Marathon Thermopylae/Artemesium Salamis Transfer of Delian Treasury Reforms of Ephialtes and Pericles Archidamian War Spartan Invasions of Attica Pericles’ Funeral Oration Athenian Plague Plataea / Mycale Sphacteria Delium (424) Amphipolis Mantinea (418) Syracuse Death of Pericles Arginusae Mytilenean Debate Civil War on Corcyra Aegospotami PLACES: Know all places from the Study Guide for the map quiz, plus.... Delos Naxos Melos Pylos Corcyra Mytilene Samos Amphipolis Hellespont Decelea Delium PLACES IN or NEAR ATHENS Acropolis Agora Altar of the 12 Gods Areopagus Bouleuteria Erechtheion Kerameikos Long Walls Panathenaeic Way Piraeus Theater of Dionysus Pnyx Tholos/Pryntaneion Parthenon Propylaea TERMS & CONCEPTS (somewhat grouped by topic) Thucydides’ Methodology Persian Intervention Nature of Athenian Oikos Nature of Athenian Court System Gender Roles in Athens Metic Basileus Polis Demos Synoikism Strategos Euthuna Ostracism The Thirty The 3000 The 5000 Solonic Classes: Agoge Pentacosiomedimnoi, hippeis, Syssition zeugitae, thetes Homoioi Gerousia Men of the Plain/Coast/Hill Democracy Oligarchy Tyranny/Tyrant Tribe Phratry Trittyes Ephors Krypteia Helot Periokoi Sanctuary Temenos/Peribolos/Altar Deme Oikos Temple Kurios Nomos vs. Physis Eleutheria Isonomia vs. Eunomia Isegoria Epikleros Ecclesia Archons Areopagus Boule (of 400; of 500) Prytaneis Heliaea/Dikasteria Dike/ Graphe Logographoi Sycophants Dokimasia Miasma Misthophoria Radical Democracy Kleruchy Hoplite Phalanx Trireme Athenian Fleet Long Walls Piraeus Theater Tragedy Comedy Tetralogy Satyr Play Chorus Parabasis City Dionysia Lenaea Panathenaeic Festival Eleusinian Mysteries Ethnography Milesian Philosophy Monism Peloponnesian League Hellenic League Medize Delian League Phoros/Tribute Sophists Empiricism & Phenomenalism Skepticism Relativism Rhetoric “Man is the measure of all things” PEOPLE & GODS (somewhat grouped by category) Apollo Artemis Athena Demeter Dionysus Hades Hephaestus Hera Persephone Poseidon Zeus Uranos Cronos Gyges Croesus Cyrus Darius Xerxes Artemesia Mardonius Amestris Homer Hesiod Theogony Justice Heroism Cleomenes of Astypalaea Sarpedon & Glaucon Thales Anaximander Anaximines Xenophanes Pythagoras Heraclitus Parmenides Aeschylus Aristophanes Herodotus Simonides Lysias Plato Plutarch Sophocles Euripides Theseus Cylon Alcmaeonids Draco Dikaiopolis Amphitheus Euripides Solon Peisistratus Lamachus Hippias & Hipparchus Protagoras of Abdera Gorgias of Leontini Zeno of Elea Harmodius & Aristogiton Cleisthenes Miltiades Pheidippides Themistocles Aristides the Just Cimon Ephialtes (of Athens) Pericles Aspasia Anaxagoras Pheidias Kleon Diodotus Alcibiades Nicias Thrasybulus Theramenes Critias Lycurgus Cleomenes Demaratus Leonidas Pausanias Brasidas Lysander Cephalus Polemarchus Thrasymachus Socrates Lysias Polemarchus Eratosthenes (the Tyrant) Euphiletus Eratosthenes (the cuckold) Euphiletus’ maid Euphiletus’ wife Dionysus Pentheus Agave Tiresias Cadmus Megarian Dercetes Strepsiades Pheidippides Socrates Superior Argument Inferior Argument Oedipus Tiresias Creon Jocasta The Corinthian Shepherd
