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Eudoxus of Cnidus 410 B.C. – 355 B.C. Developed method of exhaustion, used multiple interconnected spheres to account for retrograde motion. Aristotle 385 B.C. – 323 B.C. Student of Plato who built philosophy based on observation, induction of general principles. Theory of causes determined motion and material of celestial objects. Aristarchus of Samos 310 B.C. – 230 B.C. Determined the distance from the earth to the moon and sun (correct method, incorrect results), and according to Archimedes, thought that the planets revolved around the sun. Philolaus of Croton 470 B.C. – 385 B.C. Defined the universe in terms of discrete and continuous elements in proper proportions, and (following Pythagoras) proposed that the earth is not the center of the universe.http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/philolaus/noon.jpg Eratosthenes of Cyrene 276 B.C. – 195 B.C. Created a system of latitude and longitude, calculated the circumference of the earth and tilt of earth’s axis, attempted to calculate the distance to the Moon and Sun. Plato 430 B.C. – 348 B.C. 400 B.C. 350 B.C. 300 B.C. 90 A.D. – 168 A.D. 190 B.C. – 120 B.C. Student of Socrates who recorded his conversations or dialogues. His dictum in the Timaeus requiring that all celestial objects move in uniform circles constrained astronomical models for nearly two millenia until Kepler showed that planets move in ellipses. 450 B.C. Claudius Ptolemy Hipparchus Used geometric methods to create a calculatory model of planetary motions using epicycles and deferent circles that dominated western astronomy until Copernicus. Described lunar and solar motions and eclipses, created a star catalogue and stellar magnitude system (still in use). 250 B.C. 200 B.C. 150 B.C. 100 B.C. 50 B.C. 1 A.D. 50 A.D. 100 A.D. 150 A.D. Row Label Ancient Mathematics Greek Theories on Motions of the