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Group 14 Michael Trampler EE Javier Arias EE Ryan Kastovich EE Genaro Moore EE Overview Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning Some provide advanced features such as humidity control and CO2 monitoring/control Scheduling and adaptive set-points will allow the user to reduce the systems run time. Run time data logging will give the user a better understanding of the systems activities Motivation Increased cost of electricity Great cost of commercially available HVAC controllers Limited feature set of commercially available HVAC controllers, especially web enabled controllers Objectives Accurately read temperature and relative humidity both inside and outside building. System management through web app Scheduling capabilities CO2 monitoring for a gauge of air quality Zone control Expandable to multiple zones Wireless connectivity to RSM Reduction of energy consumption due to scheduling and set-point control Simple and easy installation with minimal wiring. Project Specifications Main Controller Control up to 8 zones Wireless connectivity to RSM at a minimum of 50ft Web Interface Host at least 5 users simultaneously Manage week long schedules for each zone Track duty cycle of heat pump to an accuracy of 0.1% Display status of up to 8 zones simultaneously RSM Temperature ±0.125°C Humidity ±5% relative CO2 At least ±500 ppm 1.5 month battery life System Block Diagram Plant Block Diagram 00 00 Plant Specifications Need to supply 24VAC to drive the different components Be able to support up to 8 zones Continuous uptime for 2 months Heat Pump Various types: single stage, multi-stage, variable compressor, variable fan, oil, gas, etc… Design for single stage because most common in FL Air handler indoors, compressor outdoors Heat Pump Components Reversing Valve (changeover) Controls heating/cooling mode Compressor Supplementary heat Electric heating coils Fan (Air Handler) Automatic – turns on when ever the whole unit is on ON (continuous) – on regardless of the state of the unit Control (Hardware) 74HC595 (from TI) 8-bit serial input shift register Serial or parallel output Vcc: -0.5V - +7V Needs only 3 inputs: data, latch, and clock Outputs 0 – Vcc (V) Control (Hardware) Continued MAC97 Triac Connected to 24VAC supply to drive the heat pump components Can handle up to 600V 2V max gate trigger voltage 0.66V typical trigger voltage Heat Pump Control Schematic Plant Block Diagram 00 00 Damper Control Dampers act as a door for air to flow through ducts Dampers come either N-O/N-C Require 24VAC Utilize normally open 2 position dampers Makes system modular Design for up to 8 zones 74HC595 Shift Register 8 outputs for 8 zones MAC97 Triacs 8 triacs for the 8 zones Damper Control Schematic Output Board The plant control will be implemented onto a PCB separate from the Main Control Unit Responsible for shift register and triac control It will communicate wirelessly between the output board and the Main Control Unit 1 MSP430 will be utilized to drive the shift registers Output Board Specifications MSP430G2553 1.8 – 3.6 V supply 230uA active consumption Drives triacs and shift registers 74HC595 Shift Register MAC97 Triacs UART connectivity to Wireless Module Main Control Unit (Hardware) Control software of the plant will be housed in the MCU Once the state of the HVAC system is determined, the MCU will send the state to the Output Board which will take care the rest Also in charge of gathering data from the Remote Sensor Modules Communicates with Web App Stellaris LM3S8962 Microcontroller System Block Diagram Temperature/ Humidity Hardware Using a digital Temperature/Humidity Sensor from Honeywell HIH-6130 Accurate to 4% RH Operates from 0-100% RH Accurate to .025 C SPI 3.3V supply 0.6-0.75mA current consumption CO2 Measurement MC811 Low cost CO2 measurement Analog output voltage which requires amplification Sensitive from 250ppm to 10000ppm Requires 200mA at 6V LMC660 Very High input impedance FET op-amp Used to amplify the output to a usable level for the microcontroller User Interface One 1.8 inch TFT color display 16 bit color resolution 160 x 128 pixels SPI interface 4 push buttons Used for simple input Wireless Communication Specifications MSP430G2553 UART Connectivity to modules CC110L Transceiver Anaren booster pack Frequency Band: 779 – 928 MHz 200nA sleep mode consumption SPI connection between transceiver and MSP Creates single code base for wireless communications System Block Diagram Stellaris Internet Connectivity Modified lwIPhttpd (web server) implementation provided with Stellarisware. CGI adapter provided by Stellarisware sample code. unsigned long FindCGIParameter(const char *pcToFind, char *pcParam[], int iNumParams) Searches the list of parameters passed to a CGI handler and returns the index of a given parameter within that list. long GetCGIParam(const char *pcName, char *pcParams[], char *pcValue[], int iNumParams, tBoolean *pbError) Searches the list of parameters passed to a CGI handler for a parameter with the given name and, if found, reads the parameter value as a decimal number. unsigned long EncodeFormString(const char *pcDecoded, char *pcEncoded, unsigned long ulLen) Encodes a string for use within an HTML tag, escaping non alphanumeric characters. This function encodes a string, adding escapes in place of any special, non-alphanumeric characters. unsigned long DecodeFormString(const char *pcEncoded, char *pcDecoded, unsigned long ulLen) Decodes a string encoded as part of an HTTP URI. This function decodes a string which has been encoded using the method described in RFC1738, section 2.2 for URLs. Web App Hosting Stellaris LM3S8962 Beaglebone Google App Engine Clock Frequency 50 Mhz 720 Mhz N/A RAM 64 KB SRAM 256 MB DDR2 N/A microSD N/A Yes Linux Apache/Lightt pd C/Python/PHP /Perl/Java CSV/SQL ~$90 (dev board) N/A N/A Storage Ethernet Operating System HTTP Server 256 KB Flash + microSD Yes None C (Custom coded using lwIP) Application Programming C Data storage CSV Cost ~$90 (dev board) N/A Python/Java/Go Datastore N/A End-to-End Connectivity Web App Hosting Google App Engine Cloud computing: Platform as a service Hosting on Google's infrastructure Google Cloud = Distributed resources No need to manage server Application development: Python Java Data storage: Google Datastore Python/ Java Is it Free? Learning Curve Does it need to compile? Other tools? Built In Docs? Script? Difficulty of Implementation in the Google App Engine Python Free and Open Source Simple Syntax Java Free and Open Source Lacks Simple Syntax No Wide range of tools and libraries Yes Yes Yes Large range of libraries No No Very straight forward implementation Not very straight forward Webapp2 Lightweight framework Flexible and easy to extend Built into Google App Engine WSGI Adapter Interface between web server and web application Also responsible for handling uncaught exceptions Templating HTML embedded in code is messy and difficult to maintain. Using a templating system we can dynamically generate portions of the HTML and embed special placeholders in the HTML files to indicate where the generated content should appear. Django templating engine Webapp2 Handlers handlers.ReadingsHandler handlers.ZonesHandler handlers.UsersHandler handlers.PlantsHandler handlers.SchedulesHandler handlers.ThermostatsHandler handlers.LoginHandler handlers.ReportsHandler Google Datastore Horizontally distributed database based on Google's Bigtable Manages very large sets of structured data Allows for scaling of applications as they receive more traffic Object datastore Objects are called entities Entity kinds (classes) Modeled in Python or Java Supports atomic transactions Python and Java APIs Google Query Language: flexible but not as much as SQL Data Models Every entity has its own unique key property Implicitly created by the App Engine during entity creation. Includes the entity kind and a unique numeric ID that is automatically assigned. System Block Diagram Operating Environment Development Platform: Google App Engine Backend Programming Language: Python Primary Client-Side Scripting Framework: jQuery Mobile (JavaScript) Why jQuery Mobile? HTML5 and CSS3 Compatibility Works on both Android and iOS Professional Layout for PC, Tablet and Mobile Devices Compatibility with Firefox, Chrome, Safari and others Allows for rich touch screen interfaces for mobile devices Simple Splitview jQuery Mobile plugin which utilizes white space by splitting the menu options on the left side and the displayed selection on the right A PC/ Tablet layout will have a split in the middle between these two parts of the web app to fill in the white space A Mobile layout will fit the menu options to the screen and upon user interaction will display the data PC/ Tablet Landscape View Mobile View Web App Use Case Diagram Scheduler Standard HVAC systems typically do not include embedded schedulers for their users User will be able to adjust Set times, Humidity and Temperatures for specific zones in the system Users will be able to adjust their scheduler for a week at a time Coded using Python and JavaScript Output Power Supply Use readily available 24VAC supply Most commercial HVAC controllers use a 24VAC supply as standard Output 24VAC for HVAC system control Use Full Wave rectifier and 3.3V switching regulator for logic level power OKI-78SR-3.3 DE-SW033 TPS62111R Input Voltage Range 7-36V 5-30V 3.3-17V Efficiency 75-90% 83% 80-95% Current 1.5A 1.0A 1.0a Cost $4.35 $15.00 $3.72 Main Controller Power Supply Use readily available 17V Laptop power supply 3.3V switching regulator for logic level power OKI-78SR-3.3 DE-SW033 TPS62111R Input Voltage Range 7-36V 5-30V 3.3-17V Efficiency 75-90% 83% 80-95% Current 1.5A 1.0A 1.0a Cost $4.35 $15.00 $3.72 RSM Power Supply RSM will use 4 AA batteries to supply the CO2 sensor’s heaters, as well as the op-amp’s Vcc 3.3V regulator will be used for the sensors, the wireless communication and the main microcontroller Progress Progress 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Plant Control RSM Database Web App PCB Wireless Module Project Distribution Plant Control RSM Database Web App PCB Michael 5% 85% 5% 5% 75% Javier 15% 5% 55% 35% 5% Ryan 5% 5% 35% 55% 5% Genaro 75% 5% 5% 5% 15% Budget Item Sensor Microcontroller Humid/ Temp Sensors CO2 Sensors Graphical Display Unit(s) Input Peripheral Suite RSM Power Supplies Main Controller Power Supplies RF Module PCB Main Controller Triacs Grand Total Quantity 8 4 4 4 4 4 1 6 5 2 16 Price (of each) $1.00 $15.00 $20.00 $20.00 $5.00 $10.00 $15.00 $15.00 $33.00 $100.00 $2.00 Expected Budget $8.00 $60.00 $80.00 $80.00 $20.00 $40.00 $15.00 $90.00 $165.00 $100.00 $32.00 $690.00 Budget so Far $0.00 $20.00 $40.00 $30.00 $10.00 $10.00 $20.00 $70.00 $165.00 $100.00 $20.00 $485.00 Issues/ Concerns Wireless Node Limit Collision During Wireless Transmit Duplicity of commands from Google App Engine to Stellaris Designing a Scheduler No touch event response on Google Chrome Questions?