Download DP Physics 4.1 Oscillations Name: 1. A wave can be described as

DP Physics 4.1 Oscillations
Name: ______________________________
1. A wave can be described as _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
The ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________ is referred to as a wave.
2. A transverse wave is a wave in which ___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
Suppose that a slinky is stretched out in a horizontal direction across the classroom and that a
pulse is introduced into the slinky on the left end by vibrating the first coil _________________.
___________ will begin to be transported through the slinky from left to right.
As the energy is transported from left to right, the individual
coils of the _______________________________________
________________________________________. In this case,
the particles of the medium move ________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
3. A longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a ______________
___________________________________. Suppose that a slinky is stretched out in a
horizontal direction across the classroom and that a pulse is introduced into the slinky ________
____________________________________________.
Energy will begin to be transported through the slinky from left to right. As the energy is
transported from left to right, the individual __________________________________________
______________________________________. In this case, the particles of the medium move
_____________________________________________________________________________.
4. A surface wave is a wave in which particles of the medium undergo a circular motion. Surface waves
are neither longitudinal nor transverse. In longitudinal and transverse waves, all the particles in the
entire bulk of the medium move in a parallel and a perpendicular direction (respectively) relative to the
direction of energy transport. In a surface wave, it is only the particles at the surface of the medium that
undergo the circular motion. The motion of particles tends to decrease as one proceeds further from the
surface.
5. The main properties of waves are defined below.
Amplitude: ___________________________________________________________________.
Wavelength: __________________________________________________________________.
Period: ______________________________________________________________________.
Frequency: ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
Speed: _______________________________________________________________________.
6. Relationship between frequency and period
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
7. The speed of an object refers to how fast an object is moving and is usually expressed as the
distance traveled per time of travel. In the case of a wave, the speed is the distance traveled by a
given point on the wave (such as a crest) in a given interval of time.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
8. Oscillation is _______________________________________________________________
_________________. An oscillation can be _________________________________________
_________________________, the side to side swing of a pendulum, or the up and down motion
of a spring with a weight. An oscillating movement is __________________________________
__________________________________.
9. Hooke's Law is ______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
The law is named after 17th century British physicist Robert Hooke, who sought to demonstrate
the relationship between the forces applied to a spring and its elasticity. He first stated the law in
1660 as a Latin anagram, and then published the solution in 1678 as ut tensio, sic vis – which
translated, means "as the extension, so the force" or "the extension is proportional to the force").
This can be expressed mathematically as
_______________________
where F is _____________________________________________________________________
X is _____________________________________, with a negative value demonstrating that the
___________________________________________; and k is ___________________________
__________________________________________________.
10. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
Basic conditions to execute SHM are as under:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Combining Hooke’s Law with Newton’s Second Law of Motion
_______________________
and
______________________
We can see that ________________________________________________________________
_____________________
11. Characteristics of SHM
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Examples:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
12. Total Energy
The relationship between kinetic and potential energy during oscillation.
___________________________
13. EXAMPLE: The displacement x vs. time t for a 2.5-kg mass on a spring having spring constant k = 4.0
Nm-1 is shown in the sinusoidal graph.
a. Find the period and frequency of the
motion.
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________.
b. Find the amplitude of the motion. _________________________________________
c. Sketch the graph of x vs. t for the
situation where the amplitude is cut in half.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________.
d. The blue graph shows an equivalent system is SHM.
What is the phase difference between the red and blue?
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________.
14. EXAMPLE: The displacement x vs. time t for a system undergoing SHM is shown here.
Sketch in red the velocity vs. time graph.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________.
15. EXAMPLE: The displacement x vs. time t for a system undergoing SHM is shown here.
Sketch in blue the acceleration vs. time graph.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________.
16. EXAMPLE: The kinetic energy vs. displacement for a system
undergoing SHM is shown in the graph. The system consists of a
0.125-kg mass on a spring.
(a) Determine the maximum velocity of the mass.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
(b) Sketch EP and determine the total energy of the system.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
(c) Determine the spring constant k of the spring.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
(d) Determine the acceleration of the mass at x = 1.0 cm.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
17. EXAMPLE: A 4.0-kg mass is placed on a spring’s end and
displaced 2.0 m to the right. The spring force F vs. its
displacement x from equilibrium is shown in the graph.
(a) How do you know that the mass is undergoing SHM?
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
(b) Find the spring constant of the spring.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
(c) Find the total energy of the system.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
(d) Find the maximum speed of the mass.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
(e) Find the speed of the mass when its displacement is 1.0 m
____________________________________________