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Transcript
Name: ______________________________________________ Period _________________________________ Ancient Greece-‐ Study Guide Vocabulary: Make sure you know these words. 1) Polis-‐ Greek word for city-‐state 2) Acropolis-‐ a high hill upon which a Greek fortress was built 3) Democracy-‐ a type of government in which people rule themselves 4) Aristocrats-‐ a rich land owner or noble 5) Oligarchy-‐ a government in which only a few people have the powe 6) Tyrant-‐ an ancient Greek leader who held power through the use of force 7) Pericles-‐ Athenian leader who encouraged the spread of democracy and led Athens when the city was at its height. 8) Mythology-‐ stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works 9) Homer-‐ Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, two famous Greek epic poems. 10) Aesop-‐ Ancient Greek storyteller who was famous for his fables. 11) Fables-‐ a short story that teaches a lesson about life or gives advice on how to live 12) Cyrus the Great-‐ Persian emperor who created the Persian Empire 13) Darius-‐ second Persian emperor 14) Persian Wars-‐ a series of wars between Persia and Greece in the 400s BC 15) Xerxes -‐ Darius’s son who tried to conquer Greece again but failed 16) Peloponnesian War-‐ a war between Athens and Sparta in the 400s BC 17) Philip II-‐ Macedonian king who was a brilliant military leader and defeated the Greeks. Father to Alexander the Great 18) Alexander the Great-‐ Macedonian ruler who was one of the greatest military commanders in history. The son of Philip II, he conquered large areas of Asia and parts of Europe and Africa and spread Greek culture throughout his empire. 19) Hellenistic-‐ Greek-‐like, heavily influenced by Greek ideas 20) Socrates-‐ Greek philosopher whose teaching style was based on asking questions. He wanted people to question their own beliefs. He was arrested and condemned to death for challenging authority. 21) Plato-‐ Greek philosopher who was a student of Socrates. He started a school in Athens called the Academy and wrote the Republic which describes and ideal society run by philosophers. 22) Aristotle-‐Greek philosopher and student of Plato. He taught that people should live lives of moderation and use reason in their lives 23) Euclid-‐ Greek mathematician who was one of the greatest in history, studied plane geometry 24) Helot-‐ a Spartan Slave 25) Drama-‐ a form of entertainment in which actors pretend to be characters 26) comedy-‐ a drama that has a happy ending 27) tragedy-‐ a drama in which the character can’t overcome a problem -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ 1) In geographical terms, the land of Greece is a large what? PENINSULA( 117) 2) Traveling by land in Greece was difficult, so the Greeks became expert _SAILORS ,SHIPBUILdERS AND TRADERS(117) 3) What group built an advanced society on the island of Crete? MINOANS(118) 4) What were two of the earliest cultures in Greece? MINOANS AND MYCEANAEANS 5) What led to the end of the Minoan civilization? WHO KNOWS? EARTHQUAKE, VOLCANO OR MYCENAEANS 6) Why don’t historians consider the Minoans to be the first Greeks? They didn’t speak GREEK(NOTES) 7) What was the Dark Age? (120) A TIME PERIOD IN WHICH TRADING STOPPED, TEACHING READING AND WRITING STOPPED, FARMERS BARELY GREW ENOUGH FOOD 8) What is the birthplace of democracy? (129)ATHENS 9) Who started the democracy in Greece and why? CLEISTHENES BECAUSE HE DIDN’T WANT ARISTOCRATS TO RULE 10) When and why did democracy end? 330 BC, THE MACEDONIANS WITH PHILLIP AS THEIR KING INVADED 11) What is a direct democracy? A FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH ALL CITIZENS VOTE 12) WHO were at the center of Greek mythology?(155) GODS AND GODDESSES 13) What did the Greeks create to explain how gods created things like thunder and earthquakes? MYTHS 14) What were many Greek myths about (real or not)? HEROS 15) When was the beginning of the Persian Empire? When Cyrus the Great JOINED BANDS OF NOMADS(132) 16) What did Cyrus the Great do after he conquered them? He let them KEEP THEIR OWN CULTURE AND RELIGION_(NOTES) 17) Who was the second leader of Persia?(133) DARIUS 18) What is the Royal road?(133) A SYSTEM OF ROADS THAT STRETCHED 1700 MILES ACROSS PERSIAN EMPIRE 19) What was the battle of Marathon? (135)THIS WAS THE BATTLE IN WHICH THE ATHENIANS DEFEATED THE PERSIANS AND THE LEGEND STATES THAT A RUNNER DIED AFTER RUNNING 26 MILES TO ATHENS TO TELL OF THE VICTORY 20) Who was Alexander the Great’s father and what did he do? PHILLIP 2 , he conquered all of Greece’s city states and formed an EMPIRE(175-‐176) 21) What happened after Alexander and his army crossed the Indus River in India? HIS ARMY FORCED HIM TO TURN BACK .HE DIED MYSTERIOUSLY IN BABYLON 22) What was Alexander the Great’s goal? Conquer PERISA and spread GREEK CULTURE(176) 23) What happened to Alexander’s empire after he died? (178) IT WAS SPLIT THREE WAYS AMONG HIS 3 GENERALS 24) What was the Hellenistic Era?(178) A TIME PERIOD OF GREEK CULTURE AND VALUES 25) What was Greek art work centered on ?(162) BEAUTY AND HARMONY 26) What was the most important aspect of life in Sparta? (126) TRAINING THE BODY FOR FIGHTING OR MILITARY TRAINING 27) From an early age, Spartan boys were trained to be what? SOLDIERS-‐ VERY TOUGH SOLDIERS 28)What was Sparta’s form of government? An OLIGARCHY with 2 kings and 28 officials(VENN DIAGRAMM) 29)Why didn’t the slaves revolt in Sparta? Fear of the Spartan army kept them from rebelling 30)From a young age, Athenian boys from rich families were trained to do what? train their bodies and their MINDS 31)How long did the Athenian men have to spend in the army ?( VENN DIAGRAM) 2 YEARS 32)How were Athenian women treated? (VENN DIAGRAM) THEY COULD NOT OWN LAND OR CHOOSE THEIR OWN HUSBAND THEY HAD TO STAY HOME 33)What was the Peloponnesian War? The war between ATHENS and its allies and SPARTA and its allies(144) 34)Why did the Peloponnesian war start? ATHENS was getting stronger and Sparta wanted to conquer them before they got bigger(144) 35)Athens and its allies formed the Delian League and Sparta and its allies formed the Peloponnesian League 36)What happened after Athens and Sparta were at war for 25 years? SPARTA BUILT A NAVY AND DEFEATED ATHENS 37)What was the result of the Peloponnesian War? SPARTA not Athens became the strongest city-‐state in Greece, But not for long, the other city-‐states REBELLED and a new war began. (146) 38) The Peloponnesian War weakened Greece enough for what to happen?(146 and NOTES) KING PHILLIP OF MACEDONIA CAME IN AND CONQUERED THEM AND UNITED THE CITY STATES
