Download GEOLOGY-1010

GEOLOGY-1010
 LECTURE AND LAB MUST BE SUCCESFULLY COMPLETED
 FIRST QUIZ.
 GRADING
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EXAM #1=20%
EXAM #2=20%
FINAL =30%
LAB =30%
COURSE GRADES WILL BE CURVED
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EXAM WILL BE MULTIPLE CHOICE AND TRUE/FALSE
QUESTIONS
EXAM MATERIAL FROM LECTURE NOTES, DO NOT MISS LECTURES
MAKE UP EXAM ………………..ONLY ON VALID EXCUSES
LAB
OPEN LAB (MAY ATTEND ANYTIME WHEN LAB IS OPEN)
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INTEGRAL AND ESSENTIAL PART OF GEL 1010 COURSE
30% OF FINAL GRADE – HELPS TO IMPROVE THE GRADE
LAB WILL START IN THE
MUST HAVE PHOTO ID
LABORATORY OUTLINE (BOOKSTORE OR MARWELL’S) MUST BE BROUGHT TO THE LAB
20 – QUESTION QUIZ AT THE END OF EACH LAB (#2 PENCIL NEEDED; QUIZ WILL
CONSTITUTE THE GRADE FOR THE LAB)
*~ 3 HOURS – ALLOW 3.5 HOURS TO COMPLETE LAB AND QUIZ
*NO FOOD/DRINK ALLOW ED; NO VISITORS ALLOW ED
*NO LAB MAKEUPS
*LOW EST LAB W ILL BE DROPPED.TOTAL 13 LABS – 1 DROP = 12 LABS
4 OR MORE LABS MISSING-MUST DROP THE COURSE UNOFFICIAL WITHDRAW AL WILL
BE GIVEN
*LAB STARTS ON TUESDAYS- ENDS FRIDAYS- MUST BE TAKEN BETW EEN TUESDAY
AND FRIDAY
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TIPS FOR SUCCESS
 READ OUTLINE PRIOR COMING TO THE LAB
 REVIEW MATERIAL IN TEXT BOOK RELATED TO THE LAB TOPIC
 FILL IN OUTLINE CAREFULLY AS IT WILL BE YOUR STUDY GUIDE FOR
THE QUIZ
 ASK LAB INSTRUCTOR IF THE LAB MATERIAL IS UNCLEAR.
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Figure 1.5: The origin of the solar system
 75% HYDROGEN,25% NITROGEN
 MATTER LESS UNOFORMLY DISPERSED –HIGH CONC. OF GAS CLOUDS INWARD BY
GRAVITY …..GALAXIES
 WITHIN A GALAXY , SOME GAS CLOUDS COLLAPSED FURTHER TO FORM STARS.
 HEAT RELEASED BY COMPRESSION RESULTING FROM COLLISION OF THE PARTILES
…….MAKES PARTICLE TO MOVE FASTER.
DEVELOPMENT OF OUR PLANET
 CATATROPHISM-EVOLUTION THROUGH A SERIES OF IMMENSE WORLDWIDE UPHEAVALS(UNTIL MID-18TH
CENTURY)
 UNIFORMITARIAN(JAMES HUTTON)-SLOW AND GRADUAL EVOLUTION BY SMALL –SCALE PROCESS. BIRTH
OF MODERN GEOLOGY PRESENT IS THE KEY TO THE PAST.
 SLOW BUR CONSISTENT PROCESSES & CATAS.EVENTS.=TODAY’S EARTH.
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
 OUR SUN IS ONE OF THE 1011 STARS IN MILKY WAY GALAXY
 OUR GALAXY IS 1011 SUCH GALAXIES
 SUN –WE ARE ONE IN 1022 STARS IN THE UNIVERSE.
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Figure 1.6: Heating and differentiation of the early Earth
Figure 1.7: A model of the Earth’s interior.
Figure 1.8: A catastrophic impact between the proto-Earth and a Mars-sized impactor.
Atmosphere, ocean and moon
 ATMOSPHERE: GASES THAT ESCAPED EARTH’S INTERIOR(MAINLY DURING
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS)- ICY MEREORIRES—EARTH SURFACE.
 OCEANS: ONGOING DEGASSING OF EARTH’S INTERIOR --71% OF EARTH
SURFACE.
 MOON: DENSITY IS 36% LESS THAN EARTH.
Figure 1.9: Heat transmission.
Figure 1.10: The rock cycle.
 METAMORPHIC ROCKS:FORM WHEN HEAT PREASSURE OR CHEMICAL
REACTIONS IN THE EARTH’S INTERIOR CHANGE THE MINERALOGY, CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF ANY TYPE OF PREEXISTING ROCK.
 TIME & GEOLOGY:GEOCRONOLOGY.
Figure 1.13: Geologic time scale.
Figure 1.14: A map of tectonic plates.
Figure 1.15: A map of the Pacific Ocean.
Figure 1.18: Plate rifting and divergence
Figure 1.18: Plate rifting and divergence (continued).
Figure 1.18: Plate rifting and divergence (continued).
Figure 1.19: Divergent zones.
Figure 1.20:Oceanic plate subduction.
Figure 1.21: Continental collision.
Figure 1.22: Subduction between two oceanic plates.
Figure 1.23: Transform motion.
Figure 1-gaag-1: Plate boundaries.
Figure 1.28: Distribution of the Triassic Period Reptiles.
Figure 1.29a: Areas of related rocks in the Northern Hemisphere
Figure 1.29b: Pre-rifting positions of the northern hemisphere as Pangaea.
Figure 1.31b: Bedrock striation.
Figure 1.31c: Striation on Pangaea.
Figure 1.32: Convection cells and plate motion.
Figure 1.33: Projected position of the Earth’s continents.
Figure 1.35: Earth as a system.
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CHAPTER SUMMARY
WHAT IS GEOLOGY
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GEOLOGY AND OTHER SCIENCES
UNIFORMITARIANISM
CATASTROPHISM
AGE OF THE EARTH/UNIVERSE
COMPOSITION AFTER 1-MYR OF BIG BANG OF THE UNIVERSE
WHAT IS LITHOSPHERE
PLANETARY ACCRETION
CHONDRULES
ABSOLUTE DATING OF ROCKS
SUMMARY-CONTD
 PLATE TECTONICS – UNIFYING THEORY – WHY?
 CONVERGENT/DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES
 WHAT FORCES DRIVE THE PLATES
 PLATE MOVEMENT?