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SPACE UNIT REVIEW – Answers
Chapter 7 Questions: Page 312-313 # 1-7, 10, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21
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1. astronomers
5. planet
2. rotates/revolves
6. retrograde motion
3. constellations
7. meteoroid/meteorite
4. total solar eclipse
10. A: full, B: waning crescent, C: waxing gibbous
13.
16. The classification of inner and outer planets is based on the composition and distance from the Sun. The inner
planets are closest to the Sun (inner part of the solar system) and have rocky compositions, so they should be classified
together. The outer planets are much farther away from the Sun (outer part of the solar system) and have gaseous
compositions, so they should be classified together.
17. large, mainly gas composition; have lots of moons, rings systems; cold temperatures.
18. Pluto is neither gas giant nor a terrestrial planet. It is far beyond Neptune, the farthest planet. It is small, icy and has
3 known moons. It was demoted to a dwarf planet as it cannot clear its orbit.
19. Shooting stars are meteroids or small bits of debris entering Earth’s atmosphere. They burn us as they are entering
the atmosphere,releasing light.
20. Both asteroids and meteroids are objects in space. Asteroids are usually larger than meteoroids. Asteroids are
usually found in the asteroid belt but some are found near Earth. Meteoroids become meteors when they collide with
the Earths atmosphere, if they reach Earth’s surface, then they are meteorites.
21. Comets are rocky and icy objects, contains some gas. They originate in the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud. When a
comet approaches the Sun, the wind from the Sun forces the gases and particles to be released and pushed them away,
forming two tails. The whitish tail is reflected sunlight off the particles that have been released. The blue tail is ionized
gas. You diagram should resemble Figure 7.29 (on page 300), or Figure 7.28 (on page 299), but should show 2 tails like
figure 7.29.
Chapter 8 Questions: Page 356-357# 1-7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 28
1. Electromagnetic radiation
2. reflecting, refracting
3. protostar, nuclear fusion
4. sunspots
5. main sequence, Hertzsprung-Russell
6. white dwarf
7. neutron star, black hole
10.
a. There could be problems with the spacecraft in which humans are traveling, such as what happened with the space
shuttle Columbia. The crew was killed, and the spacecraft destroyed, when returning to Earth.
b. The Canadian government and Canadian businesses designed the Canadarm2 and an attachment to the Canadarm2 ,
called Dextre, which allows the astronauts to scan the whole space shuttle for potential problems before returning
Earth.
11. The Sun provides heat and light, which we need to live. The Sun is vital for photosynthesis, which helps plants grow,
which we eat.
14. sunspots
15. Sunspots move across the Sun’s surface as the Sun rotates.
28. GPS technology helps find locations and give directions, remote-sensing satellites monitor Earth and
communications satellites allow us to use cell phones and the Internet.
Chapter 9 Questions: Page 356-357# 1- 11, 12, 13, 16, 22
1. f. galaxy
2. g. Milky Way galaxy
3. c. cosmology
4. a. big bang
5. b. cosmic microwave background
6. e. dark matter
7. d. dark energy
8. star, globular cluster, galaxy, galaxy cluster, universe.
9. Using one of his best telescopes, Herschel was able to break up the fuzzy regions of the Milky Way into individual
stars.
10. A: spiral galaxy, B: elliptical galaxy, C: irregular galaxy, D: globular cluster
11. elliptical
12. The spectra from galaxies are redshifted; the galaxies are moving away from us.
13. In the past, the universe must have been very small and unimaginably dense.
16.
e. The big bang happened
d. The earliest stars form
c. The Milky Way galaxy formed
a. The Sun and solar system formed
b. The cosmic microwave background radiation cooled to -270 °C
22. The spectra of galaxy A will be blueshifted. The spectra of galaxy B will be redshifted. The spectra of galaxy C will not
be shifted at all.