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SCI 2201: Concepts in Science
Discussion Topic: Near Earth & Naked Eye Astronomy
Big Idea: Many interesting patterns of astronomy are discernable by simply looking up.
This discussion should help you to:
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explain lunar phenomena such as moon phases and orbital patterns.
describe the reason that different seasons are experienced in temperate regions
distinguish between solar and lunar eclipse.
start learning to see some of the constellations and to use your hand to measure
the sky.
Science Literacy Benchmarks (AAAS, 1993, 4.A: The Universe, 4.B: The Earth)
By the end of the 2nd grade, students should know that
 The moon looks a little different every day, but looks the same again about every four
weeks.
By the end of the 5th grade, students should know that
 The earth is one of several planets that orbit the sun, and the moon orbits around the
earth.
 Like all planets and stars, the earth is approximately spherical in shape. The rotation of
the earth on its axis every 24 hours produces the night-and-day cycle. To people on earth,
this turning of the planet makes it seem as though the sun, moon, planets, and stars are
orbiting the earth once a day.
By the end of the 8th grade, students should know that
 We live on a relatively small planet, the third from the sun in the only system of planets
definitely known to exist (although other, similar systems may be discovered in the
universe).
 Because the earth turns daily on an axis that is tilted relative to the plane of the earth's
yearly orbit around the sun, sunlight falls more intensely on different parts of the earth
during the year. The difference in heating of the earth's surface produces the planet's
seasons and weather patterns.
 The moon's orbit around the earth once in about 28 days changes what part of the moon is
lighted by the sun and how much of that part can be seen from the earth—the phases of
the moon.