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Verbals
and
Verbal Phrases
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Verbal
 A word that is often a verb and in verb form, but is
not acting as the verb in the sentence.
 It is acting as a noun or a modifier.
subject
 Candy looked
Adjective
verb
subject

is lame.
verb
yesterday.
Gerund
 A verbal is a word that ends in ing and functions as
a noun.
 This can be used as a:




Subject
Direct object
Subject complement
Object of the preposition
 Inventing can be dangerous.
Subject
Gerund Phrase
 A gerund plus its modifiers and complements.
A gerund phrase functions as a noun.
 Writing Alice in Wonderland must have given Lewis
Carol many good laughs.
Using Gerund Phrases
Underline the gerund phrase. Identify it’s function.
subject
 Calling the dog a pitbull is a mistake.
Predicate noun
 Harry’s error was creating the gooseberry flan.
Direct object
 I like watching romantic comedies.
object of a preposition
 The cat was responsible for eating three fish.
Participle
 Verb form that acts as an adjective; participles
modify nouns or pronouns.
 There are two kinds of participles.
 Present Participle
 Always ends in ing
Creaking eerily, the door swung open.
Participle
 Past Participle




Often ends in –ed.
Needs to be the past tense of the verb.
Can also end in –d, -en, -t, or –n.
Examples: used, beaten, dealt, or seen.
The deserted building was old and decrepit.
Fallen bricks blocked the entry.
Participle Phrase
 A participial phrase consists of a participle plus
any modifiers and complements of the participle.
 The entire phrase modifies a noun or pronoun
Participle Phrase
 They noticed a girl lurking in the dark shadows.
 Frightened by the sight, they stopped cold.
Participle Practice
 Identify the participle phrase and what it modifies.
 Carrying a pile of papers, he walked very carefully.
 The earrings dangling from her ears caught the
attention of the baby.
 Mangled in the wind storm, the trampoline could not be
fixed.
Gerund, Participle, or Verb?
 What’s that scampering sound?
participle
 It’s the scampering of rodents.
gerund
 Mice are scampering beneath the floorboards.
verb
 Identify the participle, gerund, and verb.
Infinitive
 A verb form that consists of the word to and the base form of a
verb.
 It may function as a:
 Noun
 Adjective
 adverb
 Boston is a place some people want to visit.
Infinitive Phrase
 An infinitive plus its modifiers and complements.
 To believe in life on Mars is common.
 Mel might use my car to drive to Manhattan.
 I took time to read an old book of healing remedies.
Infinitive
 In a sentence an infinitive may function as a:
 Subject
 Direct object
 Subject complement
 Adjective
 Adverb
Direct Object
 Boston is a place some people want to visit.
Infinitive Phrase
 An infinitive plus its modifiers and complements.
subject
 To believe in life on Mars is common.
adjective
 Mel might use my car to drive to Manhattan.
 I took time to read an old book of healing remedies.
adverb
Using Infinitive Phrases
subject
 To colonize Mars is a real possibility.
 Scientists write about new discoveries
to share their ideas.
adverb
Predicate noun
 My dream is to live in a large, green house.
 Even the police believe the old deserted house
to be inhabited.
adjective
Infinitive Phrase
or
Prepositional Phrase?
1. Infinitive = to + verb
 To see
 To pick up
2. Preposition = to + noun


To us
To Sandy
Infinitive Phrase
or
Prepositional Phrase?
Prep Phrase
1. Of all the planets, Mars is most similar to Earth.
Infinitive
2. It was easy to imagine creatures on Mars.
Infinitive
3. Would you like to travel to Mars?
Prep Phrase
4. I prefer to go to libraries for information.
Prep Phrase
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