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Intro to Period 2 and Classical Greece
AP World History Notes
Mr. G.
Period 2 (600 BC-600 AD) Organization and Reorganization of Human
Societies (also called the Classical Age)
How does this Period Differ from Period 1?
•States developed and larger ________________________
•More __________________________________-new religions and philosophies emerged
•More numerous and better _______________________________
•More complex __________________________________-Silk Road and Indian Ocean Trade
•__________________________- between nomads and sedentary people
•More direct ______________________on ____________________civilizations_____________________________________ law codes, _____________________law,
____________________________and ______________________________
New Empires
•The Mediterranean-Greeks followed by the Romans
•SW Asia-the Persians
•The Indian Sub-Continent (South Asia)- Maurya and Gupta
•East Asia- Qin and Han Dynasty
•Americas-Maya
The Geography of Greece
•________________________________ for major agricultural devel.
•result: __________________________people
•Most commercial activity occurred by boat
•________________________ geographic area contributed to its dominance
•Since land __________________________the Greeks were always looking to est.
_________________________to ease overcrowding and get ___________________________
Archaic Greece
Minoan Civilization
•Influenced by __________________________culture
•_____________________________ - Allowed later Classical Greece to dev. monumental
architecture
The Mycenaean Civilization-located in Southern Greece influenced by Crete’s
Minoan civ.
Homer: The “Heroic Age”-his epics about the _____________________________
Hellenic Classical Greece 700 BCE-324 BCE
The Greek City-States (______________________)
•Based on the creation of complex __________________________like Athens and Sparta Citystates ____________________________at first
•______________________ games
•Shared a _________________________________
ATHENS and SPARTA
•___________________—greek word for “________________________” (poleis-plural)
•Polis of ___________________- agricultural/____________________________ capital
•Polis of ___________________-political/commercial/_______________________ capital
•Practiced ___________________________________in Athens-only free adult men
Gender Relations
•_____________________ -men and women _________________…espec. in
_________________________strength…pretty much _____________________________(men were at
war a lot)
•___________________ -gender ______________________________…women __________political or
property _______________________…___________________________ to home mostly
Greek Religion
•_____________________________
•Most educated Greeks __________________________about worship of gods
•______________________________ ruled-answers for life in govt or philosophy____________________________to Chinese ____________________________________
Persian Wars: 499 BC – 449 BC
____________________the Great (526 – 485 B. C. E.)
§ Built_____________________________.
§ He extended the ________________________________to the Indus River in northern
India. (2 mil. s.q. mi.)
§ Built a canal in Egypt.
§Established a tax-collecting system.
§ Divided the empire into districts called__________________________.
§ Built the great __________________________system.
§ Established a complex postal system.
Created a network of spies called “the ______________________________________”
_______________________________________religion- a _____________________________ Battle of Good
vs. Evil….2 gods
______________________________ “Holy Spirit”
Represents ___________________and truth
Triumph over chaos!
__________________________“Destructive Spirit”
Zarathustra [_____________________], 6c BCE: Good Thoughts, Good Deed, Good Words
Zoroastrianism-faded when the Persian Empire fell
Persian Wars: 499 BC – 449 BC
•________________________ the Greek city-states against an invading common enemy
• much of Athens___________________________, but Greece held on to control of Aegean
Sea basin
•War ended in a ____________________________
•Allowed Greece to develop in age of prosperity
Persian Wars: Famous Battles
$_______________________ (490 BCE)-Greek victory 26 miles from Athens
$__________________________________ (480 BCE) 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass
$_____________________________ (480 BCE) Athenian navy victorious
Some historians-this conflict the trigger for future east v west clashes (espec.
Islam v western society
“_________________________________”: 460 BC – 429 BC-ushered in by victory over Persia
_________________________as leader of Athens organized an alliance of Greek citystates called the ______________________League-discourage future Persian invasion
Great Athenian Philosophers
__________________________
Golden____________________” [everything in moderation].
§______________________________!
§question ____________________________
§only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.
_______________________
§The Academy
§The world of the FORMS
§______________________________  philosopher-king
Aristotle
§The Lyceum
§“____________________________” [everything in moderation].
§Logic-________________________ thought
§________________________________________ -careful observation
Athens: The Arts & Sciences
$DRAMA (tragedians):
§Aeschylus-greek _______________________
§Euripides-greek ___________________________
THE SCIENCES:
§_______________________________ >>> mathematics (______________________)
§Democritus  all matter made up of small atoms.
§______________________________  “Father of__________________________”
SPARTA v. ATHENS
_______________________________Wars (431-404 BC)
•Caused by a trade dispute between _________________________________
•Athens surrounded and cut off
•____________________ ravaged the city-Pericles killed
•Athens _________________________-its navy destroyed at Sicily
•Sparta spared Athens, but itself declined paving the way for the rise of the
_______________________________
_____________________________Under Philip
•_______________________ of Macedon ruled 359-336 BC
• invaded ___________________and conquered all of ______________________
•Respected _____________________culture and encouraged it to continue to flourish
•________________________ of Alexander the Great
Hellenistic Greece (324-34 BC)
Alexander the Great’s Conquest of Persia
•Educated by __________________________
•Conquered the mighty ______________________Empire
•Hoped to _____________________Greek and Persian civilizations
•Married a Persian princess
•Killed his best friend _______________________over a drunken argument over Persia
•Stretched west all the way to the ___________________________
•Died at age of ___________
•Led to _________________________-adoption of Greek culture and art over the conquered
area
Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
$Scientists / Mathematicians:
§Aristarchus  heliocentric theory.
§Euclid  geometry
§Archimedes  pulley
$Hellenistic Art:
§___________________________; less ideal than Hellenic art.
§Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!
The Kingdom of Ptolemy
•the richest of the 3 __________________________Empires
• ________________________________-the capital
•_____________________ rulers let Egyptian culture/society continue
•Cultural Center-Alexandria ___________________________________-most scrolls in the world
•Last of the Ptolemaic pharoahs was _____________________________