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Buddhism Buddhism is a world religion that began on the peace, though he owned nothing. Indian subcontinent, but unlike Hinduism, The young prince left his palace and lived with Buddhism spread to many faraway lands. While Hindu gurus as an ascetic. He prayed and fasted. Hinduism does not have a single founder, we can To fast is to eat little or no food. Siddhartha fasted trace Buddhism back 2500 years to Siddhartha so strictly that he became very weak. This made the Gautama, a prince who lived in Shakya, a small prince realize that self-denial was not the path to kingdom at the foothills of the Himalayas in present truth. day Nepal. Finally, Siddhartha sat down under a bodhi tree A legend says that before Siddhartha was born, a to meditate. To meditate is to calm your mind, often holy man told his father, King Suddhodana, that if by focusing on a particular object. After many days Siddhartha remained in his father’s palace, he would and nights of contemplation, he reached become a great king, but if he learned of the enlightenment—a state of heightened wisdom. suffering of the outside world, Siddhartha would Siddhartha realized that by putting aside one’s become a great teacher. own selfish desires, a person can escape the cycle of Because Suddhodana wanted Siddhartha to one death and rebirth to reach a state of peace and day rule his kingdom, he happiness called Nirvana. The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism shielded his son from anything Siddhartha told other unpleasant or disturbing. people of his enlightenment Upon reaching enlightenment, Siddhartha was raised in and he became well known for Siddhartha realized what Buddhists luxury. Palace gardeners his teaching. He taught his now call the Four Noble Truths: picked flowers soon after they followers to seek balance in 1. There will always be suffering in blossomed so the young prince their lives. The path to life. would never see death. When happiness is neither through 2. The cause of suffering comes from Siddhartha rode from the indulgence nor denial, he said, our desire to continually search for palace, guards cleared beggars but a “middle way.” something outside ourselves. and sick people from the Siddhartha’s students 3. The way to end suffering is to streets before his chariot called him “the Buddha,” which approached. means “the Enlightened One,” overcome selfish desires. One day, Siddhartha saw and the followers of 4. The way to overcome selfish desires two old men who had Siddhartha’s teachings are is to follow the eightfold path. wandered into the path of his called Buddhists. The Eightfold Path of Buddhism chariot; as the curious prince The Buddha did not want Right View—Accept the world as it is pursued these men he came his teachings to replace other and not as you want it to be. across some people who were religions, though today over Right Intention—Be motivated by good very ill. Then, he saw a funeral three hundred million procession, and for the first Buddhists in all parts of the will, kindness, and empathy rather than time in his life, the prince world adhere to his philosophy. anger, resentment, or greed. encountered death. His chariot His ideas traveled to China, Right Speech—Strive for your word to driver broke the news to Korea, Japan, and Southeast be helpful; do not lie or gossip. Siddhartha that all of us get Asia. Buddhism lost most of its Right Conduct—Be aware of your old, sick, and eventually die. influence on the Indian behavior and always work to be better. The prince was confused by subcontinent by the eighth Right Livelihood—Choose a career what he had seen, so one night century, partly because its that results in joy rather than suffering. he put on a simple robe and ideas were absorbed into Right Effort—Avoid anger, jealousy secretly left his father’s palace. Hinduism, and partly due to As Siddhartha wandered the the rise of Islam. Buddhism is and other negative thoughts. streets, he encountered an a major religious and moral Right Mindfulness—Be aware and ascetic—a holy man who had force in the world, but it has control your thoughts and emotions so given up all comforts and been all but unknown in its your thoughts and emotions do not pleasures. homeland for over one control you. Siddhartha observed thousand years. Right Meditation—Focus your mind that his new and body so that you can find the path acquaintance was at to enlightenment. Buddhism Questions 1. How are Buddhism and Hinduism similar? 2. According to the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism, why is there suffering and what can we do to end suffering? 3. How would you summarize the Eightfold Path of Buddhism? 1. According to Buddhism, a prophecy foretold that when he grew up, the Buddha would become either a holy man, or... 5. According to the Buddha, what happens when we see suffering as something that we have in common with all living things? a. the emperor of India b. a doctor c. a powerful general d. a god 2. What does it mean to reach a state of nirvana? 6. What is The Middle Way? a. to reach a state of enlightenment where you no longer need to eat or sleep b. to reach a state where you have everything you want c. to reach a state of enlightenment where all your questions are answered d. to reach a state of enlightenment where you aren't ruled by desire 3. What does the word "Buddha" mean? a. God b. Siddhartha Gautama c. Prince d. The Awakened One 7. Think of three aspects of your life that cause you to feel anger or dissatisfaction. For each example, think of a way you could focus on changing your outlook, rather than your circumstances. 1) 2) 4. What is the Noble Eightfold Path? a. the fourth Noble Truth b. a path to moving beyond suffering c. a series of aspects of behaving right, or wisely d. all of the above 3)