* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Aquaculture Science
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Ridge (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Species distribution wikipedia , lookup
Polymorphism (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Medical genetics wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Dominance (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Human–animal hybrid wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Pathogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Selective breeding wikipedia , lookup
Inbreeding avoidance wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
The Science of Animal Agriculture Ch. 4 The Science of Genetics Genetic Basics • Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) – first person to develop workable theory • transfer of traits – used garden peas – based on purebred strains Law of Dominance • overriding or dominant factors make certain recessive traits disappear Law of Segregation • the alleles responsible for the traits from each parent are separated and then combined with factors from the other parent at fertilization Law of Independent Assortment • Factors for certain characteristics are passed from parents to the next generation separate from the other factors or genes that transmit other traits Punnett Square • Developed by R.C. Punnett • illustrates the possible combinations for a particular trait rr r r R Rr Rr R Rr Rr RR Punnett Square • Developed by R.C. Punnett • illustrates the possible combinations for a particular trait Rr R r R RR Rr r Rr rr Rr Genetics Basics • genes are in chromosomes – different animals have different chromosome #’s • cattle = 30 pairs • horses = 32 pairs • apples = 34 pairs • each allele contains two genes – one by each parent Selective Breeding • the choosing of individuals of a single strain and species • artificial selection • need to avoid inbreeding Hybridization • the crossing of different species • hybrid vigor – the ability of hybrids or strain crosses to exceed the parents in performance • most hybrids are sterile Crossbreeding • the mating of unrelated strains of the same species to avoid inbreeding