Download Ancient Egypt

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Egypt Map
Label the following using pg. 39 in the
textbook.
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Nile River
Nile Delta
Nile River Valley – color it green
Mediterranean Sea
Red Sea
Dead Sea
Eastern Desert – color yellow
Western Desert – color yellow
Arabian Desert – color yellow
Giza
Memphis
Great Pyramid
Sphinx
Geography
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 Natural Defense Barriers
 Nile Delta: marshland with no natural ports for ships
to dock and attack
 Cataracts: rapids from boulders/rocks that prevent
attackers from sailing up River into Egypt.
 Sahara Desert in the West, Eastern Desert in the East
Nile River
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 Longest River in World
 Flows from south to north and into the
Mediterranean Sea.
 Dependable, predictable flooding (July – October)
 Gentle, generally not destructive flooding
 Built basins, canals, and dams, to irrigate crops
 Papyrus grew along Nile banks – used for baskets,
sandals, rafts, and paper
Nile River
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Multi-media Project-Due
Thurs. 10/6
 Group 1:Uniting Egypt, pgs. 106-107
 Group 2: Egypt’s Early Rulers, pgs. 108-109
 Group 3: Religion in Egypt, pgs. 110-112
 Group 4: Pyramid Tombs, pgs. 113-115
 Group 5: Egyptian Daily Life, pgs. 116-119
DIRECTIONS
 Create a multi-media presentation together. You may
create a poster or a PowerPoint presentation.
 Title your presentation based on the headings above.
 There should be two visuals (pictures) that are relevant to
your subject. I suggest you put them below your title.
 You will need to size the pictures such that you can still
fit 12-15 bullet points (facts) about your subjects on the
page. Vocab, names, important people, important ideas
about Egypt
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Rise of Egyptian
Government
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 Irrigation needed to be built and maintained, crops
stored and distributed, and disputed needed to be
settled.
 Governments emerged to handle these things.
 Earliest Rulers were village chiefs.
 Chiefs united into small kingdoms.
 Eventually Lower Egypt (Nile Delta) and Upper
Egypt (up-river) are formed.
Rise of Egyptian
Government 2
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 In 3100 B.C. Narmer united the two kingdoms
 Narmer ruled from Memphis
 Wore two crowns, one for each early kingdom
 Rulers passed down power from father to son: known
as a dynasty.
Egyptian Social Classes
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 Upper
 King or ruler, priests, army commanders, nobles
 Lived in palaces,
 Had pools, gardens, servants
 Wore linen clothes and wore makeup
Egyptian Social Classes 2
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 Middle
 Traders, artisans, shopkeepers
 Smaller homes, dressed simply
 Lower
 Farmers and unskilled laborers
 Lived in villages along Nile, mud homes with dirt floors,
had family activities on flat roofs
Old Kingdom
2600 B.C. – 2300 B.C.
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 Egypt prospered
 Built cities
 Expanded trade
 Set up a strong government
 Egyptian kings are called Pharaohs
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Pharaoh = “great house”
Lived in palaces
Guided Egypt’s every activity
His word was law
Old Kingdom 2
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 Pharaohs had officials to oversee things –
 canals, planting crops, grain storage, collecting taxes
 Egyptians believed a strong central leader was needed to
make Egypt strong
 Egyptians thought Pharaoh was the son of their sun god,
Re.
 Citizens played music when he appeared in public
 Bystanders had to bow down and touch their heads to the
earth
 Pharaoh was the 1st to cut grain to bring a good harvest, bull
ceremony would mean rich soil.
Egyptian Religion
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 Polytheistic: worshipped many gods.
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Poly – many, theo – god
Re: sun god for harvests etc.
Hapi: god of Nile River
Isis: goddess of mothers and wives
Osiris: god of the dead, afterlife
Egypt Religion 2
Life After Death
 Egyptian afterlife
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 The next life even better than this one – the dead find
peace and plenty
 Book of the Dead – collection prayers and spells to
obtain life after death.
 Osiris meets then at the entrance to the afterlife.
Those that were “good” and knew the prayers/spells
were allowed in.
 Pharaohs’ spirits would need their bodies and
belongings for the journey – mummification.
Egyptian Mummies
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I want my mummy!
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You can’t take it with
you….or can you?
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Mummification
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 Embalming: Priests removed the body’s organs and
placed them in jars for preservation.
 The body is then rubbed with salt and allowed to
dry.
 Next, the body if filled with spices and perfumes,
stitched up, and wrapped in clean linen and oil.
Old Kingdom 3
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 2540 B.C. Egyptians built the tallest pyramid – The
Great Pyramid in Giza.
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500 ft. above the desert
9 football fields in area
2 million stone blocks
Tallest structure in the world for over 4000 years
Tall as a 48 story building
The Middle Kingdom
2050 B.C. – 1670 B.C.
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 Egypt became decentralized, nobles fought for
power
 Finally, a new dynasty of pharaohs took power.
 Moved capital from Memphis to Thebes
 New territories paid tribute ( $ ) to the Pharaoh.
Middle Kingdom 2
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 Built canal from Nile to Red Sea
 Arts, literature, and architecture thrived.
 Pharaohs cut their tombs into the cliffs west of the
Nile. “Valley of the Kings.”
Valley of the Kings
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The New Kingdom
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 Egyptian prince Ahmose lead a rebellion that drove the
Hyskos out of Egypt.
 Egypt became even richer and more powerful during the
NK.
 Most Pharaohs during the NK made increasing land and
power a priority.
 Queen Hatshepsut
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1st ruled with her husband until his death.
Then ruled on behalf of her young nephew.
Eventually made herself a Pharaoh.
Dressed like a man so as not to appear weak in public.
New Kingdom 2
 Hatshepsut greatly increased Egypt’s trade
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 Traders sailed along the east coast of Africa.
 Exchanged beads, metal, and tools for gold, ivory, ebony, and
incense.
 Built monument to herself in the Valley of the Kings
 Amenhotep IV: came to power with wife, Nefertiti
 Change Egypt’s religion to worship only one god, Aton
 Amenhotep changed name to Akhenaton which means
”spirit of Aton.”
1) most Egyptians believed his attack on the
gods was an attack on Egypt.
2) he concentrated on his new religion so
much that he neglected his job as a pharaoh.
3) Egypt began to lose land.
5.
Tutankhamen
a. The Boy King
1.) was 10 years old when he
took the throne when Akhenaton
died.
2.) he relied on help from
priest & palace officials.
b. Accomplishments
1) restored old religion
2.) one of the youngest to rule Egypt
c. Popularity today
1.) King Tut ruled only nine years and
then died from an injury, or was murdered.
This is a fascinating mystery for people.
2.) British archaeologist Howard
Carter, found King Tut's tomb in 1922.
The tomb contained incredible treasures.
Ramses II
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 Ramses II: Regained lands in Asia that Akhenaton
lost.
 Launched huge building program and built several
major temples.
 Many temples built by enslaved people captured
during war
 Last truly great pharaoh of Egypt
 Under Ramses, Egypt was so prosperous that 9 other
pharaohs took his name
 Had more than 100 children.
Egypt’s Decline
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 After Ramses II, pharaohs had trouble keeping
neighboring countries under control.
 Egypt was attacked by groups from the eastern
Mediterranean who had strong iron weapons.
 Egypt had iron weapons too, but they were very costly
because Egypt had no iron ore.
 Finally the Kush took over and ruled Egypt for 70 years
beginning in 760 B.C.
 Eventually Egypt was conquered by the Assyrians
 *****Egyptians wrote the world’s 1st medical books on
scrolls of papyrus.