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Isle Royale Localization Surface Air Temperatures Island temperatures are generally cooler (warmer) than the mainland in summer (winter) Isle Royale Source: http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/atlas/images/big 03.gif Kelliher, MN Winter temperatures are less severe when waters are open due to relatively warm surface waters Comparison of average highs for Isle Royale (red) and Kelliher, MN (blue) Comparison of average lows for Isle Royale (red) Kelliher, MN (blue) Source: http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatolog y/monthly/graph/USMI0431 Source: http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/gr aph/USMI0431 Precipitation The island generally receives less (more) precipitation during summer (winter) than the mainland Kelliher, MN Source:http://www.wunderground.co m/blog/weatherhistorian/article.html? entrynum=8 Comparison of average precipitation for Isle Royale (red) and Kelliher, MN (blue) Source: http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/mo nthly/graph/USMI0431 Isle Royale Lake Ice Formation Increased mixing of water layers brings relatively warm deep waters (during winter) to the surface Warming surface air temperatures (winter and/or summer) Increased wind and wave action Surface winds modify ice location, form, and distribution Warming surface water temperatures Amount of ice cover from previous season - less (more) allows longer (shorter) period of absorbing solar radiation Source: http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/atlas/images/big03.gif Extreme Events November 9-12 has had: 1) the deadliest late-season tornado outbreak in the northcentral United States, 2) deadliest Great Lakes storm, 3) most intense frontal passage in United States history, 4) deadliest blizzard in Minnesota history, and 5) the 2nd most intense low pressure system on record for the Midwest (only surpassed by the event of October 2010). Source: http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/com ment.html?entrynum=5 Events are accompanied by drastic changes in air temperatures and/or intense amounts of precipitation falling The most extreme events have occurred in November when the weather transitions from fall to winter Source: http://www.wunderground.com/blog/w eatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynu m=5
