Download Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head

Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
True / False Questions
1. The average head weighs about 15-20 pounds.
True False
2. Bilaterally the trapezius works to perform flexion of the head on the neck.
True False
3. The semispinalis capitis and cervicis are postural supports for the head.
True False
4. The suboccipitals are little muscles and not important at all as a group.
True False
5. The occipitofrontalis muscle is a combination of the occipitalis and the frontalis muscles.
True False
6. Whiplash is an injury resulting from a sudden impact that causes a violent hyperextension
of the head and neck followed by hyperflexion and perhaps an additional hyperextension.
True False
7. A torticollis is a condition that is another name for a simple stiff neck.
True False
14-1
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
8. A headache is defined as a diffuse pain in various areas of the head where the pain is not
confined to the distribution of a nerve.
True False
9. All headaches are caused my muscle pain.
True False
10. The suboccipitals can entrap the brachial plexus.
True False
Multiple Choice Questions
11. A condition that may cause numbness, pain, and tingling on the back of the head is called
_______________.
A. temporomandibular joint syndrome
B. occipital nerve entrapment
C. torticollis
D. brachial plexus entrapment
12. If a client presents with a headache and high blood pressure the therapist should
A. give a shorter treatment to the client.
B. have the client fill out many forms.
C. refer the client to the appropriate health professional.
D. give the client a regular supine and prone treatment.
14-2
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
13. When a client has a tension headache, the therapist should start the client in the
___________________ position.
A. supine
B. prone
C. side-lying
D. seated only
14. The trapezius opposes the action of __________________ bilaterally.
A. lateral flexion
B. rotation
C. extension
D. flexion
15. The trapezius is a prominent superficial muscle and therefore should be treated
__________ in a protocol of the head and neck.
A. last
B. second
C. first
D. not at all
16. The levator scapulae is usually involved in stiff neck issues and may also be involved in
subluxations as it attaches to the ___________________.
A. spinous processes of C1-3
B. transverse processes of C1-C4
C. atlas
D. the body of the vertebrae of C1-3
17. The splenius capitis and cervicis oppose the sternocleidomastoid in _____________.
A. extension
B. lateral flexion
C. flexion
D. rotation
14-3
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
18. The splenius capitis and cervicis work as synergists with the sternocleidomastoid to
perform _____________.
A. lateral flexion
B. extension
C. flexion
D. hyperextension
19. Muscles that are heavily involved in whiplash injuries are the ____________ and
_______________.
A. rhomboids; serratus anterior muscles
B. splenius capitis; cervicis muscles
C. serratus anterior; pectoralis minor muscles
D. quadratus lumborum; rhomboids muscles
20. The three muscles layered at the mastoid process are the splenius capitis,
sternocleidomastoid, and the _______________________.
A. splenius cervicis
B. semispinalis capitis
C. trapezius
D. longissimus capitis
21. The large muscle that supports the trapezius beneath it is called the _______________.
A. splenius capitis
B. rectus capitis posterior minor
C. semispinalis capitis
D. splenius cervicis
22. The rotatores and multifidi are deep ________________ muscles.
A. paraspinal
B. shoulder girdle
C. shoulder joint
D. lumbar
14-4
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
23. The _______________ lifts the brow and wrinkles the forehead.
A. occipitalis
B. frontalis
C. trapezius
D. temporalis
24. The muscle that is shaped like a shell and is often involved in TMJ syndrome is called the
________________.
A. frontalis
B. occipitalis
C. masseter
D. temporalis
25. A little known fact about the sternocleidomastoid is that because it attaches laterally at the
mastoid process it is capable of performing ______________ bilaterally at the atlantooccipital joint.
A. extension
B. flexion
C. lateral flexion
D. rotation
Fill in the Blank Questions
26. Therapists should _________ and _______________ the head to passively shorten the
sternocleidomastoid to treat it.
________________________________________
27. Whiplash victims must have emergency care to rule out _________, ______________,
and ______________.
________________________________________
14-5
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
28. After medical care for whiplash victims conservative modalities might include
_____________, _____________, ______________, and ______________.
________________________________________
29. Another name for torticollis is _________________.
________________________________________
30. Torticollis can be caused by infection __________________ or can be ______________.
________________________________________
31. The two categories for the 13 classifications for headaches from the International
Headache Society are called the ______________ and _____________ categories.
________________________________________
32. Massage therapy given between headache episodes has been proven by the Touch
Research Institute to ________________, _______________, and __________.
________________________________________
33. The term stiff neck is a catchall for ______________ in neck movements.
________________________________________
34. The muscles involved in occipital nerve entrapment would likely be the
________________ and the ______________ muscles.
________________________________________
35. The scalenes are _____________ of the cervical spine and anterior neck.
________________________________________
14-6
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
36. Clients that complain of nausea, vomiting, and unilateral pain in the head may have a
particular type of headache called the ________________.
________________________________________
37. The upper and lower trapezius performs elevation and depression respectively and are
therefore categorized as its own ____________ and _____________.
________________________________________
38. The muscles attached to the occipital ridge that the therapist might treat with circular
friction could include _______________, ____________, ____________, and
_____________.
________________________________________
39. When the therapist draws his hands superiorly from the mid-thoracic region of the client
to the occipital ridge, he is most likely stretching the fibers of the ___________.
________________________________________
40. The first spinous process that you can palpate on the back of the neck is __________.
________________________________________
41. Deep to the trapezius and to the semispinalis capitis is the ______________, which spans
from the occiput to the spinous process of C1.
________________________________________
42. The suboccipital that connects the transverse process of C1 to the spinous process of C2 is
the ___________________.
________________________________________
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Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
43. The therapist must be really careful when treating the scalenes because of the proximity of
the ___________________.
________________________________________
44. Techniques that can be applied to the sternocleidomastoid in a shortened position include
_______________, ___________, and _________________.
________________________________________
45. The alternating-hands neck stretch ___________ the fibers of the soft tissue parallel to the
cervical spine.
________________________________________
46. Treating a client who is experiencing a migraine at the time of treatment is
_____________________.
________________________________________
47. A(n) _______________ is a useful tool for clients who suffer headaches to track them.
________________________________________
48. The primary category for headaches includes the classifications of _____________,
___________, and ____________ headaches.
________________________________________
49. The head actually weighs _____________ when it is in a head-forward posture.
________________________________________
14-8
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
50. Rounded shoulders may lead to a head-forward posture and put a lot of stress on the
_______________ as a result.
________________________________________
14-9
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
True / False Questions
1. The average head weighs about 15-20 pounds.
FALSE
The average head weighs between 10 and 13 pounds.
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 14-4
2. Bilaterally the trapezius works to perform flexion of the head on the neck.
FALSE
Bilaterally the trapezius works to perform extension of the head on the neck.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-3
3. The semispinalis capitis and cervicis are postural supports for the head.
TRUE
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-3
Learning Outcome: 14-4
14-10
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
4. The suboccipitals are little muscles and not important at all as a group.
FALSE
The suboccipitals are superior cervical and occipital postural head supporters that provide
extension bilaterally for the head, but also connect to C1 and C2 for rotation and lateral
flexion. They are very important base muscles and are very connected to pathologies of the
head and neck such as headaches.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-4
Learning Outcome: 14-5
5. The occipitofrontalis muscle is a combination of the occipitalis and the frontalis muscles.
TRUE
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 14-1
Learning Outcome: 14-2
6. Whiplash is an injury resulting from a sudden impact that causes a violent hyperextension
of the head and neck followed by hyperflexion and perhaps an additional hyperextension.
TRUE
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-1
Learning Outcome: 14-4
14-11
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
7. A torticollis is a condition that is another name for a simple stiff neck.
FALSE
It is a spasmodic contraction of neck muscles that is more severe than a simple stiff neck.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-1
Learning Outcome: 14-4
8. A headache is defined as a diffuse pain in various areas of the head where the pain is not
confined to the distribution of a nerve.
TRUE
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-1
Learning Outcome: 14-4
9. All headaches are caused my muscle pain.
FALSE
There are 13 known classifications for headaches that physicians use for diagnosis and there
are many causes of headaches that have nothing to do with muscles or muscle pain.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-1
Learning Outcome: 14-4
14-12
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
10. The suboccipitals can entrap the brachial plexus.
FALSE
The suboccipitals are not stationed near the brachial plexus; the scalenes are known for
entrapping the brachial plexus.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-1
Learning Outcome: 14-4
Multiple Choice Questions
11. A condition that may cause numbness, pain, and tingling on the back of the head is called
_______________.
A. temporomandibular joint syndrome
B. occipital nerve entrapment
C. torticollis
D. brachial plexus entrapment
The occipital nerve can be entrapped by the semispinalis capitis and subsequently the
trapezius, which could cause numbness, pain, and tingling on the back of the head.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-1
Learning Outcome: 14-4
14-13
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
12. If a client presents with a headache and high blood pressure the therapist should
A. give a shorter treatment to the client.
B. have the client fill out many forms.
C. refer the client to the appropriate health professional.
D. give the client a regular supine and prone treatment.
The unknown quantity of high blood pressure presents another undiagnosed condition with a
symptom of a headache. The possibilities of complications of a more serious problem are only
up to a physician to diagnose.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-1
Learning Outcome: 14-4
Learning Outcome: 14-5
13. When a client has a tension headache, the therapist should start the client in the
___________________ position.
A. supine
B. prone
C. side-lying
D. seated only
The client should not be placed prone when experiencing a headache. The supine position
allows access to the head and neck muscles and maximum relaxation.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-1
Learning Outcome: 14-4
Learning Outcome: 14-5
14-14
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
14. The trapezius opposes the action of __________________ bilaterally.
A. lateral flexion
B. rotation
C. extension
D. flexion
The trapezius performs extension bilaterally so would be an antagonist to flexion.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-3
15. The trapezius is a prominent superficial muscle and therefore should be treated
__________ in a protocol of the head and neck.
A. last
B. second
C. first
D. not at all
The shoulder girdle muscles should be treated first in a sequence of working the head and
neck muscles. The trapezius is particularly superficial and houses much tension.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-5
Learning Outcome: 14-7
Learning Outcome: 14-9
14-15
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
16. The levator scapulae is usually involved in stiff neck issues and may also be involved in
subluxations as it attaches to the ___________________.
A. spinous processes of C1-3
B. transverse processes of C1-C4
C. atlas
D. the body of the vertebrae of C1-3
As the muscle shortens it pulls on the vertebrae and C1 and C2 are the pivot joints, which
make them particularly vulnerable.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-4
17. The splenius capitis and cervicis oppose the sternocleidomastoid in _____________.
A. extension
B. lateral flexion
C. flexion
D. rotation
The splenius capitis and cervicis perform extension bilaterally so oppose the SCM in flexion.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-3
14-16
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
18. The splenius capitis and cervicis work as synergists with the sternocleidomastoid to
perform _____________.
A. lateral flexion
B. extension
C. flexion
D. hyperextension
All three muscles do same side lateral flexion and are therefore synergists.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-3
19. Muscles that are heavily involved in whiplash injuries are the ____________ and
_______________.
A. rhomboids; serratus anterior muscles
B. splenius capitis; cervicis muscles
C. serratus anterior; pectoralis minor muscles
D. quadratus lumborum; rhomboids muscles
The splenius capitis and cervicis are unique as they can act bilaterally, unilaterally, and
independently of each other. They are prevalent in whiplash injuries.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-3
Learning Outcome: 14-4
Learning Outcome: 14-5
14-17
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
20. The three muscles layered at the mastoid process are the splenius capitis,
sternocleidomastoid, and the _______________________.
A. splenius cervicis
B. semispinalis capitis
C. trapezius
D. longissimus capitis
The longissimus capitis is deep to the splenius capitis and SCM.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-7
21. The large muscle that supports the trapezius beneath it is called the _______________.
A. splenius capitis
B. rectus capitis posterior minor
C. semispinalis capitis
D. splenius cervicis
Deep to the trapezius is the semispinalis capitis that provides a cushioning support for the
trapezius.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-3
14-18
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
22. The rotatores and multifidi are deep ________________ muscles.
A. paraspinal
B. shoulder girdle
C. shoulder joint
D. lumbar
These muscles are nestled deep next to the spine located on the full length of the spinal
column.
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-3
23. The _______________ lifts the brow and wrinkles the forehead.
A. occipitalis
B. frontalis
C. trapezius
D. temporalis
The frontalis lifts the brow and wrinkles the forehead. No other muscle in the list is in the line
of pull to perform the action.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-3
14-19
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
24. The muscle that is shaped like a shell and is often involved in TMJ syndrome is called the
________________.
A. frontalis
B. occipitalis
C. masseter
D. temporalis
The temporalis is shaped like a shell and strategically placed on the side of the head to attach
to the mandible making it often involved in TMJ syndrome.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-4
Learning Outcome: 14-5
25. A little known fact about the sternocleidomastoid is that because it attaches laterally at the
mastoid process it is capable of performing ______________ bilaterally at the atlantooccipital joint.
A. extension
B. flexion
C. lateral flexion
D. rotation
The position of the muscle bilaterally gives it this ability and adds to the dimensional quality
of the muscle.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-3
14-20
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
Fill in the Blank Questions
26. Therapists should _________ and _______________ the head to passively shorten the
sternocleidomastoid to treat it.
flex; laterally flex
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-5
Learning Outcome: 14-7
27. Whiplash victims must have emergency care to rule out _________, ______________,
and ______________.
fractures; concussions; damage to the spinal cord
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-4
28. After medical care for whiplash victims conservative modalities might include
_____________, _____________, ______________, and ______________.
massage therapy; physical therapy; chiropractic; acupuncture
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-4
29. Another name for torticollis is _________________.
wry neck
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 14-4
14-21
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
30. Torticollis can be caused by infection __________________ or can be ______________.
central nervous system disorder; congenital
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-4
31. The two categories for the 13 classifications for headaches from the International
Headache Society are called the ______________ and _____________ categories.
primary; secondary
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-4
32. Massage therapy given between headache episodes has been proven by the Touch
Research Institute to ________________, _______________, and __________.
(Give three.) reduce the number of headaches; decrease pain intensity; lower stress
hormone levels; increase regular sleep patterns; increase serotonin levels
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-4
33. The term stiff neck is a catchall for ______________ in neck movements.
limitations
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-4
14-22
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
34. The muscles involved in occipital nerve entrapment would likely be the
________________ and the ______________ muscles.
trapezius; semispinalis capitis
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-4
Learning Outcome: 14-5
35. The scalenes are _____________ of the cervical spine and anterior neck.
stabilizers
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-3
Learning Outcome: 14-4
36. Clients that complain of nausea, vomiting, and unilateral pain in the head may have a
particular type of headache called the ________________.
migraine
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-4
37. The upper and lower trapezius performs elevation and depression respectively and are
therefore categorized as its own ____________ and _____________.
agonist; antagonist
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-3
14-23
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
38. The muscles attached to the occipital ridge that the therapist might treat with circular
friction could include _______________, ____________, ____________, and
_____________.
the trapezius; splenius capitis; longissimus capitis; sternocleidomastoid; semispinalis
capitis; some suboccipitals; the occipitalis
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-7
39. When the therapist draws his hands superiorly from the mid-thoracic region of the client
to the occipital ridge, he is most likely stretching the fibers of the ___________.
trapezius.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-7
40. The first spinous process that you can palpate on the back of the neck is __________.
C2
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-7
14-24
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
41. Deep to the trapezius and to the semispinalis capitis is the ______________, which spans
from the occiput to the spinous process of C1.
rectus capitis posterior minor
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-7
42. The suboccipital that connects the transverse process of C1 to the spinous process of C2 is
the ___________________.
obliquus capitis inferior
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-7
43. The therapist must be really careful when treating the scalenes because of the proximity of
the ___________________.
brachial plexus
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-7
Learning Outcome: 14-9
14-25
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
44. Techniques that can be applied to the sternocleidomastoid in a shortened position include
_______________, ___________, and _________________.
stripping; jostling; deep transverse friction; ischemic pressure with a pincher palpation
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-7
Learning Outcome: 14-9
45. The alternating-hands neck stretch ___________ the fibers of the soft tissue parallel to the
cervical spine.
lengthens
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-7
Learning Outcome: 14-8
46. Treating a client who is experiencing a migraine at the time of treatment is
_____________________.
contraindicated
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-4
Learning Outcome: 14-9
47. A(n) _______________ is a useful tool for clients who suffer headaches to track them.
headache log
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-7
Learning Outcome: 14-9
14-26
Chapter 014 The Balancing Act: Structural Perspectives of the Head and Neck...
Key
48. The primary category for headaches includes the classifications of _____________,
___________, and ____________ headaches.
migraines; tension-type; cluster
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-4
Learning Outcome: 14-9
49. The head actually weighs _____________ when it is in a head-forward posture.
more
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-4
Learning Outcome: 14-9
50. Rounded shoulders may lead to a head-forward posture and put a lot of stress on the
_______________ as a result.
posterior cervical muscles
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 14-2
Learning Outcome: 14-3
Learning Outcome: 14-4
14-27