Download Name________________ Astronomy I cans 1. What is the Big Bang

Name________________
Astronomy I cans
1. What is the Big
Bang?
The Big Bang is when the universe began as a rapid expansion of energy and
matter from a small compressed volume.
2. Matter and energy
were compressed prior
to the Big Bang. What
is believed to have
happened to the
matter and energy at
the time of the Big
Bang?
3. What was the first
element to be created
and is the most
abundant in the
universe after the Big
Bang?
4. What is evidence
that the Big Bang
occurred?
The energy and matter expanded like a balloon
5. When did the Big
Bang occur?
6. How does the red
shift of galaxies prove
the Big Bang
occurred?
About 14 billion years ago
7. How has
electromagnetic
radiation changed
since the Big Bang?
8. What matter
makes up most of the
universe?
9. What type of galaxy
is the Milky Way?
CMB radiation was hot at the time of the Big Bang and has cooled to 2.7
degrees Kelvin. (-270o C) The wavelength of radiation also has increased.
Hydrogen
1. Cosmic Background radiation
2. Redshift of galaxies
3. Amount of H and He in the universe
Galaxies that are moving away from the Earth produce a red shift in
the spectra of light (Doppler effect). This proves that galaxies are
continuing to expand out from the Big Bang.
Dark energy and dark matter
Spiral
10. How does our
galaxy compare to
other galaxies?
11. How does our
galaxy move?
There are spiral, elliptical and irregular galaxies
12. Where is our solar
system in the galaxy?
Our solar system is located on the Orion arm in the Milky Way Galaxy.
13. How does our solar
system move?
14. What is a nebula?
Counterclockwise around the sun
15. How did the solar
system form?
16. How old is our
solar system?
17. Did the planets
form before, after, or
at the same time as
the sun?
18. What is nuclear
fusion?
19. What happens to
the nuclei of an atom
in fusion?
20. What is created
during fusion?
21. Where does
nuclear fusion occur?
22. Explain how
nuclear fusion creates
larger elements.
The dust and gas in a nebula began to spin, then the dust and gas began
accreting (gathering) because of gravity
4.5 billion years old
counterclockwise
Cloud of dust and gas in space in which stars and planets are born
Same time
When atoms combine and create heat and light
A nuclear fusion reaction causes the nuclei of an atom to gain more protons
and release energy.
Energy (heat and light)
The core of stars
Nuclear fusion fuses heavier atoms together to create even heavier atoms on
the Periodic Table
23. What stellar
activity is responsible
for the formation of
most of the elements
heavier than iron
(Fe)?-supernova
24. Name 3 elements
that were formed
from large stars.
Answers vary
25. What is the life
cycle of a low mass
star?
26. What is the life
cycle of a massive
star?
27. What type of star
would become a
supernova?
Diagram from page 786-787
Diagram from page 786-787
A massive star
28. What is the X
axis?
class
29. What is the Y
axis?
luminosity
30. What is meant by
luminosity?
Brightness
31. What is meant by
magnitude?
Another scale of
brightness
32. What is meant by
spectral class?
Surface temperature
33. What is meant by
temperature?
Temp of star at its
surface
34. Describe what
stage of the life cycle
are these stars?
Aldebaran
Red giant
Alpha Centauri
Main sequence
Procyon
White dwarf
Mintaka
Main sequence
35. Compare a star in
the white dwarf stage
to our sun.
A white dwarf is older
and near the end of its
life
36. What does main
sequence mean?
37. What forces are
always battling each
other in a star?
38. What is the
equilibrium of a star?
A star in the middle of its life, fusion and gravity are in equilibrium
Fusion pushing out, gravity pulling in
Fusion=gravity
39. Describe a
sunspot.
Sunspots are dark areas on the sun's surface that are cooler than the sun.
40. How long does the
sunspot cycle last?
11 year cycle
41. Describe a solar
flare.
Explosive release of energy from a sunspot
42. What is the
period of time with
the least amount of
sunspots? 1900-1925
43. What was the
approximate date for
the most amount of
sunspots ever
recorded?1960
44. What has been
the trend to the most
(peaks) number of
sunspots over the past
50 years?
decrease
45. Where do coronal
mass ejections come
from?
Coronal Mass Ejections are from sunspots when solar particles that escape
from the sun's corona
46. What effect do
CMEs have on Earth?
Coronal Mass Ejections (CME's) enter Earth's magnetosphere and affect
radio communication, Earth's satellites, cause power disturbances and
auroras
47. How are auroras
created?
Coronal Mass Ejections (CME's) and solar flares create auroras at the
Earth's poles. Particles from the sun interact with our atmosphere and
magnetic field and light up
48. How are sunspots
and auroras related?
Energy is released by a sunspot towards earth, and this energy reacts with
the earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field