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YEAR 7 HISTORY REVISION
Why did Rome expand?
EMPIRE
A group of countries controlled by
one government or person. This
could be an Emperor (male leader)
or Empress (female leader.)
REPUBLIC
A state in which power is held by
the people and they elect
representatives to govern of their
behalf
Caesar - The
Build Up
The Legacy
The death of Caesar ended the Republic
and started the Roman Empire
His son, Octavian became the first
emperor
He reformed the calendar which has been
changed little over the millennia
The month July is named after him
He inspired Shakespeare to write a play
about him.
The General
• Caesar was a successful army general
• This meant he spent a lot of time with the plebeians
as well as patricians
• He strongly believed in the rights of the plebeians
• He knew true power came with the support of the
people
His changes
• He helped limit slavery by ordering landowners to hire
workers rather than use slaves
• He made public games free to all the people of Rome
• He built more roads (helping the unemployed)
Coins
• Caesar was the first Roman to have his face put on a
coin while he was still alive
• The Romans believed only ancestors and gods could
be pictured
• Caesar was equating himself with gods and Eastern
kings
Ego
• He has appointed himself Dictator-for-Life. Caesar
now rules alone- no longer getting another consul
• Starts wearing an all-purple toga and red shoes like a
god or a king
Egypt
• It is thought Cleopatra was his mistress
• She has a son she names Caesarion
• So he spent a lot of time away from Rome in Egypt
Death
• Caesar was murdered by plotters, Brutus was a part
of it. Caesar received 23 blows as people fought to kill
him, for them he had become to powerful.
Structure of the Roman Army
Legion made up of 6000 legionaries
Divided into 10 cohorts
Divided into 6 centuries
100
100
100
100
100
100
A Roman soldier’s armour and
weapons
 Each soldier wore a
steel helmet, a wool
tunic and a protective
vest made of leather
and strips of metal to
the front.
 Roman soldiers wore no
armour on their back.
Soldiers weapons
included 2 long spears
called javelins, a sword
and a dagger.
 Soldiers had a wooden
shield to help protect
themselves.
 Roman soldiers wore
hob-nailed sandals.
Why become a Roman
Soldier?
You could
earn a
good
reliable
wage
Uniform,
weapons
and
equipment
all
provided
You would be
fit, strong
and brave –
impress all
the ladies!
If you were
brave, you
were
rewarded with
a crown!
After
your
service in
the army
you usually
received
some land
or money
You could earn
extra money
from robbing
those you
defeated
The Normans
On the death of Edward the Confessor on 5 January 1066, three men claimed
the crown of England: HAROLD GODWINSON, WILLIAM DUKE OF NORMANDY AND
HARALD HARDRADA ,KING OF NORWAY.
The Battle of Stanford Bridge