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Planets and the Solar System Statistics on the Planet of the Solar System compared to Earth Planet Average distance from the Sun (Astronomical units) Sun Mercury Venus Earth (Actual Data) 0.4 0.7 1 150,000,000 km Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune 1.5 5.2 9.6 19.3 30.2 Diameter Surface Year Gravity Length 110 0.4 0.9 1 12,800 km 0.5 11 9 4 4 27.4 0.3 0.25 0.9 0.6 1 1 10N/kg 365.25 days 0.4 2.0 2.6 12 1.2 30 0.9 84 1.4 165 Mass Average Surface Temperature ( 0C ) 329,400 0.04 0.8 1 6 x 1024 6000 450 500 20 20 0.1 318 95 15 17 -40 -150 -160 -220 -230 N.B. One astronomical unit is the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Pluto is no longer recognised as a planet As it is too small. Check out www.nasa.org Activities: Scale drawing of the solar system 1. 2. 3. 4. On a piece of A4 paper, mark the position of the centre of the page. Draw a diagonal line from one corner through the centre to the bottom corner. Mark the Sun as the top left hand corner Using a scale of 1cm= the distance from the Earth to the Sun, draw and label the 8 planets. Planetary Sizes: Refer to page 1: Planets and the Solar System. In the space provided draw to scale the actual size of the planets. Use a scale of 2mm for the size of the Mercury Venus Saturn Uranus Earth Mars Jupiter Neptune 1: Would the Sun fit on this page? Explain why or why not. Use a calculation to help you explain. 2. List six conditions for human life that exist on Earth. The Solar System The Solar System is comprised of 8 planets which all orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits . The planets are bound to the Sun by gravity The planets vary in size. Jupiter is approximately 12 times larger than the Earth. They receive different amounts of sunlight because they are different distances from the Sun. Some have their own moons. Other celestial bodies are asteroids and comets. An asteroid belt exists between Mars and Jupiter. Their order is Matching Terms: 1. Planet a) Force which acts over a distance between objects 2. Solar System 4. Gravity b) Path that an object in space takes as it travels around another object c) An object which has a tail and nucleus made of rock and ice that moves through the solar system. d) Large body which orbits a planet. 5. Sun e) One of 8 large bodies that orbits the sun 6. Comet f) 7. Asteroid 8. Ellipse g) A large object of hot gas and plasma fuelled by nuclear fusion. h) A small rocky object which is in orbit around the Sun. 9. Moon/satellite i) 3. Orbit System of 1 star, 8 planets and other spatial bodies The shape of the orbit that a planet takes as it orbits the Sun.